CES Consumer Electronics Show Roundup 11 big technology trends of 2011

 Lead: local time on January 9, the International Consumer Electronics Show (CES) in Las Vegas, pull down the curtain. The exhibition attracted over 100,000 people in the industry to participate.

Intel and AMD new processors

Intel and AMD's new processor
Intel's second generation Prior to the data processing requires three steps in the process of being reduced to two steps, which means that laptops will become lighter, thinner, and longer battery life.

Internet TV

Internet TV
Internet TV (ConnectedTV), also known as smart TV (SmartTV), refers to the Internet, television or set-top box into a trend, it is with the network TV (Internet TV) are different. Internet TV on during the current CES steal the show, and will this year occupy an important position in the field of home entertainment. In the next 12-18 months, consumers will start buying network television, network television after this will become mainstream.

Google Honeycomb Panel PC

Google's Android operating system on the phone was a great success, some manufacturers have spared no effort to be applied to tablet PCs. In the next few months, Google will launch a Tablet PC designed specifically for Android, code-named Honeycomb. Currently, computer makers have begun to prepare for the launch Honeycomb Tablet PC.

4G mobile network

4G mobile network
four major U.S. mobile operators with the gradual introduction of 4G wireless connectivity in the U.S. this year, next-generation cellular data network will be everywhere. Services and equipment costs will be higher initially, but soon people will be reduced to an acceptable level of 3G.

new 3D applications

The new 3D applications
Vuziz in this show introduced Wrap 1200 widescreen video glasses, when it is connected to the smart phone, laptop or other video devices on, the user can obtain 2D or 3D widescreen video experience.

Toshiba, LG, Sony and other companies launched a TV without the use of 3D glasses. In addition, CES has also displayed some of the current need to use the passive 3D glasses, TV, similar to the technology used in theaters, but the cost is much lower. At the same time, 3D camera and 3D printers will gradually emerge.

Corning Gorilla glass

Gorilla Glass (right)
Although you may not realize it, but your cell phone screen may be just using Corning's revolutionary products - Gorilla glass. Key scratches on the glass, has a strong impact and drop resistance. In addition to mobile phones, the product will also be used for tablet PCs, notebooks and Sony TV.

smart appliances

smart appliances
In this exhibition, Internet-enabled appliances are Panasonic, LG, Samsung, General Electric, Kenmore and other important business exhibition contents. Refrigerators, dishwashers, washing machines and other appliances can be connected to the Internet through a wireless network, and through Email, social media, energy-saving procedures to communicate with consumers.

smart car

Smart Car
Ford, General Motors, Toyota, Pioneer (Pioneer), and other enterprises show a series of intelligent vehicle functions, including the application (App) synchronization, electric vehicle charging technology and voice control of the instrument panel. Pioneer products can display car navigation systems and smartphone synchronization; Ford announced that the latest 2012 Mustang cars will be equipped with SYNCApplink function.

integrated Skype devices

Skype in partnership with Verizon is actively seeking to
Skype Skype chat capabilities into Samsung, Panasonic and Vizio's TV sets. In addition, thanks to Verizon's partnership with Skype, Skype video chat between the client will be available through Verizon's 4G network.

converged devices

Lenovo IdeaPad U1
hybrid computer technology several years ago, people expected, converged devices (convergence devices) will be everywhere. So far, we did not reach the phone as the only cameras, computers, car stereos and television point, but we leave this step is very near. This year, we will see some notebook / tablet PC hybrid products, such as the Lenovo IdeaPad U1, is used to control home entertainment devices and mobile applications.

smaller and smaller devices

with smaller and smaller devices shrink in size and dense parts installed, we will see Blu-ray player, mini, mini desktops and laptops, mini Mobile hard drives, mini phone, mini-network video players. Reducing device size also means that we will use them in new situations, such as the wall or on the limousine. (Chin-Liang)

New Year back home, many users posting to strive for

 With her

the Spring Festival approaching, the people wanted For each Chinese people, home to the New Year is a heart event. However, tickets are too expensive, the train was crowded, coach insecurity and other reasons, people in the field for the home or a new Hangzhou people, went to the annual for the However, as the popularity of cars, many people began to select the

online Call for orders, During the home. Press Enter in the search

This economical and convenient way to go home, a natural first choice for many people.

provoked a great deal of unhappiness. owners do not recognize each other.

Internet users complained another thread: Most users are self-organized, I do not know each other and hoped to reach some friends so easily fooled.

reminder: Do not forget to sign the contract insurance

likely to occur in the fraud, theft and so on.

this end, Viet Nam proposed, in addition to driver's license, driving experience and other inquiries, Meanwhile, in order to avoid unnecessary trouble, In addition, the current private owners of commercial insurance in the cast, are not (Guang Yu)

Find the perfect golf trip to the eighth process Mane - Nice

 Gift of it, where a picture is a beautiful painting.
team ready to go, the navigation officer to you on behalf of today's line
owner of the car again and again with his fleet of 06 road golf
In the very French-style country road
team to experience the highlights of today's rally circuit, to fully experience the perfect quality of golf A6 bring comfort to the drivers driving experience
Nice, we come to the perfect trip from the hh Nice British coastal road to romance with this very romantic city
hh
everywhere people want to wander the world resort, was the broad arch-type blue coast, the two sides next to the tall coconut makes impact soften the glare of the sun a lot, but the legacy of the Roman Empire ancient streets, so that exudes a retro Nice meditate more.
British coastal road is a total length of 3.5 km along the waterfront streets. It brings together many super-class hotels, these hotels have their own shopping and the beach area. people's dogs in the dogs, fishing, fishing, running jogging, swimming, swimming, to suit different needs, each joy, more more is sitting, impressionistic to enjoy the sun.

State-owned securities on the stock market is to force

 State-owned securities on the stock market is to force
(Wang Kai)
when the A shares after the end of the split share structure reform, the major shareholder's stock gained circulation in the market have a greater voice and pricing . If the A shares before a capital Zuozhuang times, then the split share structure reform, the State-owned high integration trend seems increasingly clear.
securitization of state assets to start for the stock market is a big plus, while its smooth development itself needs to have a bull market basis, therefore, can be expected to accelerate the state-owned assets in the securitization of during the bull market will gradually shape pattern.
one is the general trend of securitization of state assets
to promote the state-owned Shanghai Municipal Government process of asset securitization, has developed this 30% capital securities of the target, and this data only for the end of 2009 25%.
Shanghai State-owned securities, may also be the national state-owned assets only a microcosm of the securitization. in accordance with the planning of the SASAC, a lot of restructuring and consolidation of state assets through the securities market ultimately are state-owned asset securitization the general trend. according to current planning perspective, the integration of the central objectives of state-owned assets of enterprises in the initial completion of the current local state-owned enterprises may be integrated into the peak period.
vigorously promote the state-owned assets in the securities at the same time, it is noteworthy. In the future of the process of urbanization, local financing platform will serve as an important financing role in the securitization of assets through the stock market, enhance the equity value, should be more feasible, especially in 2011 reduced the size of credit under the circumstances. Therefore the central local financing platform for the clean-up work will speed up.
II will be increasingly strong and forward to
from the local government perspective, we believe that the financial pressure due to local Forced local government wishes to promote the integration of state-owned assets is also increasingly strong. now facing the greatest pressure the local government at the local financing platform specifications and finishing by the local context of financial constraints, the local financing platform for the planning, a large number of local municipal projects will face the embarrassment of famished. And because of the state real estate industry the regulation of land sales by further financial pressure, local governments will inevitably take into account the other way financially, and integration of state-owned assets is part of the problem of effective mitigation.
First of all, because of the local majority state-owned enterprises to the local revenue Government-owned, local state-owned assets generated through the integration and value-added benefits to the local benefits actually most of all State-owned enterprises. and in this context, the local government to promote local enterprises must integrate acquisitions greatly enhance the power.
followed , for the local state-owned enterprises, determine its success or failure of integration is exactly the pressure of the will of the local government. From past experience, the central policy-driven in the previous local state-owned enterprises regional integration process, the progress was not satisfactory, and its root causes the barrier is due to local interests.
three state-owned assets securitization, would be to force state-owned assets
the successful realization of securities, but also stock markets to cooperate and presided over the most direct argument is the need for a bull market pattern.
According to statistics, the reform of state-owned assets in Shanghai, after the curtain went up, A shares of the capital market, institutional investors have gradually important potential related companies.
the future, integration of state-owned assets to the successful completion of the relevant objectives, while vigorously in advance, will certainly have a promising market conditions. even without the support of the real economy, we do not rule out the possibility of artificial bull market, an important reason for this is State-owned bull market integration based on need.

Green water-based paint in 2011 to a low-carbon power to force

 2010, the paint industry has made gratifying achievements in various fields have emerged paint the figure, attracted worldwide attention, wonderful soon passed in 2010, people even in 2011 the paint industry have high hopes.
2011 years as the beginning of China's second transition period, the being understood. Many experts predict that the paint industry is heating up competition stage, the foreign well-known paint companies is to increase technology funding and continue to seize the huge Chinese market, and a number of domestic small and medium sized paint companies want to come to the fore, First of all have to strengthen their technical capacity, in planning is to give publicity, innovation.
years after China's Olympic Games, World Expo, the Asian Games and other major events of baptism, the concept has long been deeply rooted low-carbon life. ; low carbon environmental protection, energy saving and emission reduction performances, national paint companies want to force, but also to force the Chinese paint market is no longer the solution the world of foreign brands.

2010 Top Ten China Internet events

 Curated by language: As a representative of the new economy in 2010, the Chinese Internet is concerned, can be said to be a big harvest of the year. SouFun older, Mecoxlane Dangdang other to achieve the listing, the music young Watch, Youku, also realized the market, buy the newborn website, the vertical class website music Amoy net, good music to buy, also have received venture capital, a hot scene. Of course, among the songs and dances, but also continuing lack of sound harsh, such as Jurisprudence, piracy, privacy and so forth. But, overall, if given the rate of China's Internet in 2010, then, should be able to play 90 minutes. hope the Chinese Internet 2011 will help more entrepreneurs to realize their dreams.
NO1 big company after another into a CCTV Google Jurisprudence of exposure, when nearly the end of the grand literary CCTV Zaibao Jurisprudence, causing an uproar. Every partial continuous rain leaking, the problem in the Jurisprudence shortly after being exposed, CITIC Publishing House was a grand and severely reprimanded, that the grand CITIC Publishing House's new book piracy.
CITIC Publishing House said it prepared for publication a new book in many bookstores have not arrived yet the case has been in a grand site can easily download the For the Press for their labor, and it was Winter said more bluntly, paid e-book reader product) to the point where the?
in accordance with the usual pattern, usually paper publications into the weakness in the bookstore channels, the electronic version of the then on-line, it will not affect the authors and publishers interests and income. but to provide electronic download grand, let alone printed, and is the current print run is hard to digest.
Comments: Since the beginning of the acquisition cool grand after 6, just like the beginning of its downward trend to accelerate its the status of online games boss had no security, video, cool but not too disappointing 6, saw the money, but not into the money. and have high hopes for the literary publishing field, and then another hit, Piracy door. also is likely to be the next flashpoint in the Internet profitable. China microblogging increasingly competitive market, each grabbing star resources, the wolf to find popular use of the star effect. Sina microblogging from September 2009 on the line since the era of extended blog celebrity strategy, so that in micro-Bo was a sizable market lead as the maximum number of users and the popularity of microblogging platform. But history has proven very easy to create a dominant monopoly, competition would be reasonable to the market with to harmony.
long-term competition with old rival Sina Sohu, the recent effort to the promotion of micro-Bo .11 mid-May, Charles Zhang posted on the microblogging microblogging battle and personally supervised the operation. With the advantage of accumulated over the years in the entertainment industry and contacts, Zhang smooth the stars, celebrity friends pull into the Sohu microblogging camp. just two weeks, a sudden outbreak of Sohu micro-Bo and Zhao , Jet Li, Sun Hong Lei, Cui, J. Zhu, Yu Quan, Liu Xiaoqing, Li Yong and other domestic first-line stars have opened the Sohu to it, and it is still assigned to the accelerated expansion of star list. Not long ago, said Charles Zhang, one of 11 months, Sohu microblogging subscribers has increased 3 times.
Comments: Sohu and Sina do not have such high-profile war a long time, perhaps, this is only to it, and to re-ignite the passion of the two portal giants long absence. To this end, both sides are deeply Stars caught in resources to wrangle in the snatch. Not long ago, Sina microblogging many chose to Sohu, Sina also open to it, and plays a game of Watch music Chairman Jia Yueting treasure in the Shenzhen Stock Exchange opening bell sounded, music Watch (300104.SZ) opening day reaching a high of 49.44 yuan, compared with 29.2 yuan higher than the issue price of 20.24 yuan, or 69.32%. Thus, the domestic video industry after 5,6 years of exploration, A shares the first online video company was born.
2010 年 8 December evening Youku (stock code: YOKU) successfully landed on the New York Stock Exchange, market closing price of $ 33.44 that day, and the issue price of $ 12.8 160% increase compared with a market capitalization of more than Sohu and grand. Youku Internet City, a record five years since the first day of IPO first-day gain in the United States the most. Music Watch COO Liu Hong said that Youku genuine public process to promote domestic video.
Comment: China's online video industry, most of the revenue comes from advertising upstream of advertisers, according to IResearch the latest research results show that in the future three years, the annual growth rate of the video advertising more than 90%, far ahead of other forms of advertising, so the video industry has not achieved large profits, but its huge market potential has been recognized by the market, the next two years will also appear at least two or three listed companies in the video.
time in recent years, the domestic video sites reduced to 10 from more than 300, out rate of nearly 90%. The success of music Watch the video market is no doubt China will industry play a leading role, will be on the online video industry, boost the rapid development, its genuine, high-definition, multi-screen one, new changes.
but prior to listing on Youku, a the more money to solve the problem of video resolution. Second, Youku is a historic event of the market, indicating that the entire video industry has embarked on a major stage, the real access to capital approval. The two websites listed, impact on the industry play a catalytic role . video site competition and the pattern of the future what changes will occur that temporarily, at least two in the capital market has come out on top.
NO4 e-commerce site Mecoxlane, Dangdang Online City
2010 年 10 月26, McCaw Lin (stock code: MCOX) NASDAQ, opened at $ 17.5, to close at $ 17.26, the issue of rising values than the $ 11 56.91%. Mecoxlane were issued 11,742,900 American Depositary shares (ADS), through the IPO will raise Mecoxlane about 2 billion U.S. dollars, and became China's first listed on NASDAQ clothing vertical B2C enterprises. Mecoxlane is through online shopping (wheat net m18.com), mail order catalogs and line the store three legs to walk, to build a 24-hour shopping circle, the formation of hunting trend for consumers is to provide consumers with 24 hours of commercial retail companies.
2010 年 12 8, Dangdang Chinese e-commerce company (stock code: DANG) on the New York Stock Exchange, raising 2.72 billion. Dangdang Internet City, the first day of trading at $ 29.91, up 86.94 percent than the issue price. relevant data, books in the country Dangdang Class of B2C in the first place. As of September 30, 2010, Dangdang provide 590,000 kinds of books, the Chinese title of which contains 570,000 kinds of books, Dangdang claimed this is the book online and offline among the largest book distributor database. In addition to foreign Dangdang also provided Chinese books and audio-visual foreign language books sold.
Comments: Since 1999, China's online shopping market has experienced growth of more than ten years, until 2008 only after rapid development. recent China's online shopping industry access to a large infusion of venture capital and support. With online shopping, credit, payment, logistics and other environmental improvements, the market will be considerable development In 2009, China's online shopping market size of nearly 400 billion transactions And our e-commerce growth, almost doubling each year in December .2010 ushered in the concentration of market power and commercial enterprises, making the early exit of venture capital to become a reality. e-commerce industry are investing a long period, areas of high demand for funds through public financing, will help raise the overall standard of services, listed companies will also help develop their own core strengths. IResearch expected in the next 2-3 years the field of China's online shopping market will usher in a climax.
NO5 buy sites springing up online shopping spree
off U.S. Groupon , the industry dubbed , attracted over 15 million people a day buy .2010 participate on September 9, Taobao, cost-effective platform to introduce poly-Benz SMART car buy the activities of the Group Buy on-line after only 3 hours 28 minutes, 205 SMART Jibei sold out.
buy mode with the heating up, The more a standard feature, The electric commercial enterprises, need to be marketing, buy website to provide a good way, and with any other promotion in different ways, according to Pay-buy, input-output ratio is more controllable; the other hand, increasingly The more consumers are used to purchase goods online, buy ways to provide a more cost-effective products.
In addition, ways to help buy a lot of information to the media realized from the extension and transformation of shopping, as its new business growth point. So there buy into the phenomenon of the standard types of sites, the portal Sohu has launched a media buy site love to help groups. the future market site will show a national buy buy site co-exist with the regional trend.
NO6 s Super Internet Banking to pay the national team three on-line
the rapid development of new electronic payment business, non-bank payment service organizations to provide third-party payment service has been broad public acceptance, the first generation of payment systems and customer service functions needed to be further development, the central bank's second-generation payment system came into being.
2010 年 8 月 29 that he was known as the line of cities as Beijing, Tianjin, Guangzhou, Shenzhen, .12 15, following the lead set up by the central bank payment system, the second generation of ; landed in Shanghai, Changsha, Hangzhou, Nanjing, 10 batches, including on-line cities.
br> Reviews: Recent statistics show that in 2010 the scale of China's online payment transactions will exceed one trillion yuan mark. online payment from online shopping, travel booking fee to the life of the fund purchase, insurance claims and other areas of expansion. With the rapid development of online banking in China in order to standardize inter-bank-based financial services online online bank payment platform is the development trend of showing. but implementation level, the inter-bank cooperation still faces many other power is not strong resistance, and its impact on third-party payment companies are also very limited.
NO7 Tencent triggered World War 360 National concern about privacy issues
2010 Spring Festival, Tencent select second and third tier cities and the promotion of lower-level medical security software QQ, that is, overnight, QQ doctors about a hundred million units occupy the domestic PC market share, nearly 40%. Tencent This is like the can shield QQ Show, QQ software, advertising, QQ and the QQ mini-page news pop pop, and its function has been directly copied the QQ which fortune is based. In this scenario, Teng Xu, caused the majority of QQ users sent a letter The letter said: Dear QQ users: When you see this letter, we have just made a very difficult decision. QQ in the 360 to plug the company to stop violations and malicious slander, we decided with 360 in computer software, the software stops running QQ.
In addition, the war was going on in 3Q occasion, Baidu, Kingsoft, Maxthon, to cattle and other companies also issued a joint statement against 360.
Comments: 3Q World War II, finally 360, the company formally pushed the Internet giant's ranks. Although Zhou Hongyi, chairman of 360 small companies often say that they are, but the ambitions of a small company or a small ambition, but he is not, in fact, the industry has never Members Gangster does not and dare not underestimate the nature of this company is full of wolves. In addition, to help 3Q war become a classic, there Tencent statement saying that helpless and stirring words, instead letting the public have read the 3Q war will pass, not Ma and Zhou Hongyi also might not be reconciled. But the br> name system is the player online games to play online games, to enter the real identity of the system .2010 on June 22, the Ministry of Culture officially introduced bills related to online real-name system formally implemented on August 1.
online real-name system has three systems: one up system, players must provide identification information; second query system for the community, parents can check what the kids are playing online games and situations; Third, the authentication system, and police departments with information on the registration certificate. Once a registered user to use false identities, will be on the players level, experience points, props cleared.
national implementation of online real-name system, the fundamental purpose is to use of technology to restrict minors access to the Internet game time, refused to minors Login PK leveling game, standardized online environment. In this regard, most of the players favor, some people worry about whether the real-name system for effective implementation, submit its own personal whether the information confidential.
on the real names of the players hold in favor of the view that the implementation of real-name system, the online world of stolen accounts, virtual goods would be reduced. but it was suggested that the purpose is to play online games entertainment If the ID card must be registered to play the game against the original sense of purpose.
Comments: With the real-name system for network operators, online real-name system implementation of a series of measures, a comprehensive network of real-name system is already far away. < br> However, the network is also a steal phenomenon intensified privacy, or even have a website to provide open access to the personal privacy of the service, without any formalities, just pay a small fee, in the privacy problem is not completely been resolved, the network real name is indeed a very frightening thing.
NO9 genuine domain name of World War II was finally sentenced happy
2008 年 3 months, happy network (kaixin001.com) began formal operations. six months after the purchase of Thousand Oaks High have kaixin.com domain name, and introduced the same name, 28, the court case but not the first sentencing hearing on June .2010, the case the second trial, Thousand Oaks requested kaixin.com in October 2008 whether the well-known and identified with unique names, etc. , .2010 rejected by the court in September, and everyone is happy network of Thousand Oaks, combined, account number, Happy net Happy network and all network domain lawsuit between the marathon finally stopped falling. lawsuit After the announcement, chairman of the board for all nets by Micro-Bo Chen Zhou, Chairman Cheng Binghao network to show good fun, but did not get the same feedback process. In fact, on both sides for the domain name dispute tangled you come to me on the occasion, SNS's golden age has passed, replaced by new micro-blog. However, there is no SNS, Chen Zhou also glutinous rice network, Mop, DONEWS, etc., but SNS's Cheng Binghao will lose nothing. Therefore, Chen Zhou, this mode of A news site visit Mainland China shares, will the public that one of the Xinhua A share listing plan has been approved by relevant authorities, no accident, Xinhua will be the landing site in the A shares of the national team's first pioneers.
In the 10 In addition to Xinhua, the PRC market is the Central Propaganda Department of the approval process, including the CCTV network, including two sites are stepping up the development program.
has been disclosed, the PRC income of 300 million yuan last year, advertising revenue nearly years of growth has reached 100%, currently in preparation of specialized advertising companies to expand advertising. CCTV network already 5 years of sustained profitability, in which alone the Olympics, World Cup matches were broadcast rights to hundreds of millions of profit. In addition There are six sites are queued for approval process. the expected 2011 or so should be able to successfully market both. Once the vanguard of the successful listing of its successful operating model will certainly be those who learn later.
Comments: Seeing the Sina, Sohu and other commercial websites earn pours a long time, the team Web site naturally unwilling dismally.
in the current circumstances, a way to ease the shortage of funds can only be listed, and, overseas listing the possibility is almost zero, to the A shares can only be. But even are on the city, you will be more powerful? 

The so-called human evolution brought meat, pure self-deception

 Vegetarian food and the relationship between evolution is the only way for mankind's future evolution
(2009.10.16)
of: Hou Yamei HU
Editor's Note: Sometimes, some in the scientific community will not form a conclusive inference in the public be spread as truth. basis. Houya Mei is the author of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Research Fellow, in the U.S. and cause an international sensation, prompting Asian archaeological research had to re-evaluate the origin of human civilization, in 2004 she won the national thank the authors of articles, reprint, and author or quote please contact us.
2009 年 2 month is the 200th anniversary of Darwin's birth, he is perhaps the most influential scientists in modern times.
2009 年 2 months is Darwin's 200th anniversary He is perhaps the most influential scientists in modern times. And in November 2009 is the history of one of the most influential book and wisdom have greatly influenced the humanities. In the two centuries of time, not a scientist, science, politics, religion, philosophy and art of comparison with Darwin. Darwin's love contains all the animals. He said: 1). unparalleled importance. out of respect for animal life and love, Darwin himself was a vegetarian. but many nutritionists perspectives in the diet did not agree Darwin, they sought to prehistoric archaeological find from the evolution of life Some meat for their own point of view of nutrition to provide evidence of the facts. as the United States Carolyn. M. Pound in his book, Dr. the cranial cavity quickly match big time. Many anthropologists believe that this relationship is a causal relationship, a direct result of the intellectual meat to improve, thus paving the way for modern people evolved. So, from the prehistoric to the present , meat is for us humans, has been a more valuable food. A basic nutrients, which are difficult to vegetarian nutrition intake. . This sensational claim make any attempt to prepare people to become vegetarians discouraged, and a person like to eat meat, then read this will believe that vegetarianism is more masochistic freak, but more believe that eating meat contributes to human evolution. However, if for a more in-depth analysis, we can see that this view is no scientific basis. let's make some detailed analysis.
the evolution of life on this planet is our most important and most complex event, the scientific community has a certain understanding of this and have to give a general block diagram of biological evolution, but based on these limited facts and draw conclusions still need to be very careful, because there are too many facts and more The mechanism is not known deeply. like Carolyn. M. Dr. Pound as archaeological or anthropological based solely on individual theses made arbitrary conclusions unconvincing. In addition to pure mathematics than in science study because of the limitations of scientific instruments, the limitations of human life itself, and scientists and so one-sided a priori concepts, we can not overcome the piece of a jigsaw of the phenomenon, only through the gradual improvement of equipment, improvement, a little bit to expand our horizons , so that further studies. philosopher of science Karl Popper in his famous book boundaries between the standard) is not verifiable, but of falsifiability, in other words, I do not require a scientific system to once and for all in the positive sense, to be selected out; I demand it has such a logical form, it can With the negative sense, was selected out of the experience: an empirical experience of the scientific system must be refuted. need to do a variety of dialectical analysis point of view, granted only after thorough inquiry the more correct conclusion. This paper attempts to analyze the relationship between food and evolution, such as human life and further evolution towards a higher offer some dietary advice.
good science can not do without the spiritual guidance of Humanities, the problem in the study of human evolution, if the left can easily draw the moral guidance of absurd conclusions. The first part of this paper is purely scientific evidence, the latter part of the reference to the French philosopher, theologian, paleontologists, geologists, Teilhard de Chardin's theory of evolution point of view, the future of mankind and some of a reasonable diet.
more objective to draw the right conclusions. Here We list some of the range of views related to this some more in-depth analysis, see science on the evolution of the relationship between meat and how the conclusions in the end.
First, we briefly outline some of the relevant aspects of human evolution, a fact recognized.
according to anthropologists, human evolution can be divided into the following phases (the following text in anthropology from the AGB. Ya. Luojinsiji, Ma. cell. out justice with the Higher Education Press, Soviet Union, revised edition 1978, translated):
human precursor (Australopithecus) era, from arboreal ancestors Australopithecus get the important genetic characteristics is the ability to use hand and the cerebral cortex of objects the corresponding section. in living habits, and their ancestors, Australopithecus had won another very important feature is the highly developed social nature. Australopithecus first hand should have as social animals and those animals with the ability to They have the ability to find and use tools, but do not have the conscious ability to make tools. As the old, the food structure of Australopithecus detailed archaeological excavations from the field, the fact is difficult to extrapolate, we can only infer roughly south of the ancient apes may be omnivores. But according to Americans George. Sall down to study gorillas in the natural conditions of life and conduct Jane books and the British scientists. 坦桑尼亚坦 Goodall in Lake Tanganyika off the east coast of Nigeria the research work on chimpanzees, We can know something about the details of orangutan diet to make up for lack of archeology. based on the observation of these modern zoologists, the 179 mountain gorillas, about half the nests on the ground, while the chimpanzee nests are usually built trees; gorillas are peaceful animals, chimps are often offensive; gorillas to eat the plants entirely (which consume about 29 kinds of food), while chimpanzees are often predatory, the object of its prey are colobus monkeys, baboons small , red-tailed monkeys and blue long-tailed monkey; gorillas, chimpanzees and Australopithecus have anything to do?
Homo erectus, that is ancient. Its most important feature is to consciously make tools, the most ancient One important tool is the hand ax. archaeologists believe that the era of the hand ax relics main use is to play most of their shape and weight functions, both for rough cutting and chopping; these effects are two purposes: (1) manufacturing stick with the original wood with sharp tools, such as wooden spears; (2) for the decomposition of the bodies of animals have been killed, and take the skull knocking marrow and other animals. So Homo erectus is also omnivores. Homo erectus brain volume the brain than the apes have increased substantially (increased from 435-650 cc 800-1225 cc). the United States Carolyn. M. Pound in his book, Dr. ; turn carnivorous time coincided with the hominid fossil cranial cavity increased rapidly to coincide . For the ancient culture, we can Mousterian site of a large number of tools to judge the excavation, Mousterian tools are characterized by a more sophisticated processing, regular, shape is more diverse. appeared simple bone products. According to the Mo Manchester sites widely distributed fire, burned bones, ash heap of ruins appears, can infer that Neanderthals already have the ability to make fire with fire. So from Neanderthal times, humans began to cooked food, Neanderthals are also omnivores. Neanderthal brain volume than Homo erectus, the brain not only greater but also significantly changed the structure, such as the absolute height of intracranial model and relative height (mainly in the parietal area) increases and so on. It was to conclude the importance of the evolution of cooked food on the brain.
modern or new age do not need to say more.
according to the archaeologists of ancient humans (or erectus) made the function of stone hand ax infer ancient humans to eat meat, this conclusion may be reasonable to a certain extent. But the further inference to eat meat if the necessary conditions of human evolution would be a problem. based on a famous anthropologist, Wu RK's introduction on the origin of hominid evolution of Darwin's theory for a variety of assumptions (3). One of the most famous Consider:
(1) the assumption that meat
Dart (Raymond A. Dart) and 1924 Taung, South Africa (Taung) is about six children found the fossil skull, his teeth like a man, and a small head, broad face, known as Australopithecus. then in other parts of South Africa, found more of the South Australopithecus fossils and a large number of broken animal bones. Dart that these members of small bones to the cave of human subjects, they shatter the bones as tools and weapons. He said that the use of animal bones as early as weapons. He said that bone, teeth and bone fragments angle gear angle Culture (Osterodontokeratic culture), which caused much controversy. Australopithecus Dart explain some of the broken skull and frontal attack because of his accomplices. human evolution is due to increasingly rely on the weapons used for hunting to get meat. A prehistoric weapon competition to promote the development of the brain, which evolved into modern apes have a brutal murder by the tendency. Dart, this interpretation of the scholars in the human are not many people believe, but the origin of man meat on how much effect on what the behavior of human impact, remains to be further studied.
(2) the assumption of herbivorous
Jolly (CJ Jolly) Branch members who made the adaptation of early macaque class like lion-tailed macaque (Theropithecus). He saw the lion-tailed macaque and the more widespread baboons (Papio) is the difference just as the early hominid and ape differences. has this whether the species difference is due to open areas of semi-arid grass seed collection and consumption of food is a special adaptation. lion-tailed macaque bone after the head posture due to sitting for a long time collecting seeds in the spine on its head often the location of the more vertical than baboons. This posture produces the vertical angle of the trunk, will help the formation of upright walking.
As for the chewing ability is strong, it is a lot of the characteristics of mammals do not eat seeds, while the thin the tree is not just food on the prairie grass seeds, roots and tubers may also be members of early human hominid important source of food. lion-tailed macaque is not with the toes dug roots, stems, and officers of early human chimpanzee-like sticks are easy to obtain these foods.
(3) the assumption
otherwise omnivorous two assumptions of California, Berkeley, Hua Shen Boen (SL Washburn) chimpanzee model assumptions such as steppe and Tuttle (R . Tuttle) small ape hypothesis. these two hominid are omnivores. These two characteristics of hominid tools will be used to obtain and prepare plant food, but also hunt small animals.
from The anthropologist's classic about the causes of the hypothesis of human origins, we can at least draw the human origin of meat on the role of how much this conclusion is still not conclusive.
Field Archaeology and the scientific experiments conducted in the laboratory not the same, we can not put the history of human evolution into the laboratory repeated presentation to us, precisely because of this made in the field of archaeological theory in general can be called assumptions. Field Archaeology neither assumption axioms as the mathematical basis can guaranteed to be accurate inference, which is known as the theorem can not be like physics and chemistry in the laboratory after repeated observation, verification, and thus has been called the law. but we can infer from the indirect way it reasonable. of origin of meat how much human role, in particular the development of human intelligence how much or developmental disorders. It has evolved evidence. Taylor and other scientists compared the islands of Borneo and the Indonesian island of Sumatra, the orangutans live, found in northern Borneo orangutan populations living life as lack of resources, resulting in brain smaller amount. Taylor that the lack of resources will affect the growth of the brain also set up conclusions on human (4). vegetarian nutrition is comprehensive it? the answer to this question, we can look at the of nutrition? we can look professional book De Boshi that the . book Dr. Pound cited a case: let the children in poor areas of Africa eat 2 tablespoons of meat a day, they have a change in physical and intellectual .2 years later, these children's muscle development to accelerate , there is also a substantial increase in intelligence, but, they had a more lively, like talking, and often participate in activities. to demonstrate the importance of meat. This lack of rigorous scientific argument, because the United States Carolyn. M. Pond Dr. no attempt to give children in poor areas of Africa to eat with a reasonable vegetarian nutrition, and only these two cases, after a rigorous comparison of the conclusions it has a scientific significance.
another angle is to explore the animal's relative cerebral volume ( brain weight divided by body weight) how the relationship with food. University of California scholar Georg F. Striedter in his monograph on the evolution of the brain, In the food and the relationship between relative brain weight, there are many studies. For example, in bats, the bats eat the insects eat meat or vampire than fruit or flowers or eat the small amount of bat brain (7), while the Spirit insectivorous animals in the long fresh fruit and fresh leaf analogy generally the larger brain volume (Clutton-Brock and Harvey, 1980). Further, with the filtering (filter-feeding) feeding the sharks and whales way than through the pursuit of whale shark predation and smaller brains. first look, the evidence seems to indicate that the relative brain volume and quality of food is closely related; But this conclusion contradicts the data with the bat, because the insects, flowers and fruit nutrition general nutrition than better. flowers and fruits of the lack of protein, but insects eating bats eat the fruit than the brain volume smaller brain volume. So a more reasonable assumption should be: hard to find those who eat relatively large population who eat the food is abundant small brain content of large populations of food. Even if this hypothesis is still inadequate because it did not take into account the parasitic class (for example, Sphenodon lamprey) or by an ambush predator (eg, salmon) Biological cerebellar volume. Therefore, authors propose a more precise assumption: the amount of animals with high brain tends to strategic predation, and the amount of predators who are the cerebellum by random luck. This such as Parker and Gibson, 1977) not only with the bats and the primates of the data match. because the fresh fruit must learn where to find fruit trees, know when it will mature fruit, etc. (Fleming, etc., 1977; Clutton-Brock and Harvey, 1988), the data also agree well with the birds, the brain developed (most encephalized) birds tend to use very complex, based on individual learning strategies to obtain food (Volman, etc., 1977; Clayton et al 2001). encourage brain growth. Similarly another study climate change and the relationship between brain size studies. Geary comparison of the reaction is difficult to hunting or gathering food in the original levels of biodiversity indicators and response to the population of the complexity of social interaction index and the correlation between brain size. Geary index analysis showed that the population is the best predictor of brain size, which means that our ancestors carried out in order to survive competition with the neighbors is to inspire the main reason for the growth of the brain (8). Geary's Research support from the side Georgf. Striedter the view of Professor.
brain size or brain weight ratio in the station (Brain-to-body mass ratio, or encephalization quotient or EQ) can only reflect the different populations of rough animal intellectual size. Generally between brain volume and weight of a proportional relationship. nineteenth century, Snell presented a relationship between body weight on the brain empirical formula:
E = C. Sr
where E is the brain weight, S is the weight, C is called Most mammals, the approximate value of r 0.66. As mentioned earlier archaeologists according to the ancient people (or erectus) made of stone axes infer the function of ancient human beings to eat meat, this conclusion may be justified. However, if further based on the ancient the human brain much more than the fact that gorillas brain volume to the simplistic assertion that ancient human brain volume increase is more than the gorilla eating meat, eating meat causes the brain to draw conclusions on the evolution of there is a problem. Otherwise, the tiger, the lion of these predators should have the largest brain to body ratio and wisdom. but that is not the case. Let us look at the table a variety of animals in the relationship between brain and body weight. Table ranked first in the monkeys are basically herbivores. mole's food is earthworms and other soil invertebrates live animals, who can be regarded as carnivorous. human and chimpanzee is omnivorous, but their physiological structure similar with the gorillas, which determines that they must mainly vegetarian. So to create a unified nomenclature system for vegetarians biological taxonomist Linnaeus Lecture: animals compared to fully display his vegetables and fruits is a natural food. This is a typical predator tiger brain body ratio than the typical vegetarian animals, goats, Asian elephants, gorillas, donkeys and kangaroos and other small; but the proportion of predators than wolves in the brain the body rabbits, goats, small, than sheep, donkeys, gorillas, elephants and kangaroos these vegetarian animals large. So not clear from this table on the brain development of meat has a unique advantage, but that mainly vegetarian omnivore may be good for the brain evolution. We've already pointed out that from the perspective of the modern vegetarian nutrition than meat. So omnivorous contribution of specific gravity of the brain can only be: in the case of bad weather plant food scarce, omnivorous animals than pure vegetarian animals can adapt to the harsh climate. such as Western Europe late Neanderthal survival times, there ice on the planet, had to hunt to obtain adequate nutrition necessary for survival.
form a body of several species of animals, the proportion of
animal brain weight (kg) brain weight (g) body ratio
Rhesus monkey brain monkeys 6.8 179 26.3235
Mole Mole 0.122 3 24.5902
Human person 62 1320 21.2903
Mouse Mouse 0.023 0.4 17.3913
Chimpanzee Chimpanzee 52.16 440 8.4356
Golden hamster golden hamster 0.12 1 8.3333
Cat Cat 3.3 25.6 7.7576
Guinea pig guinea 1.04 5.5 5.2885
Mountain beaver mountain beaver 1.35 2.5 5.037
Rabbit Rabbit 2.5 12.1 4.84
Goat Goat 27.66 115 4.1576
Grey wolf gray wolf 36.33 119.5 3.2893
Sheep Sheep 55.5 175 3.1532
Donkey donkey 187.1 419 2.2394
Gorilla gorilla 207 406 1.9614
Asian elephant Asian elephant 25,474,603 1.8072 < br> Kangaroo Kangaroo 35 56 1.6
Jaguar Jaguar 100 157 1.57
Giraffe Giraffe 529 680 1.2854
Horse Horse 521 655 1.2572
Pig Pig 192 180 0.9375
Cow Cattle 465 423 0.9097
African elephant African elephant 6654 5712 0.8584
Source: Jerison, HJ (1973) Evolution the brain and intelligence. Academic Press, New York.
In summary, the evolution of life is the greatest in the world event, but also the most complex events to promote the evolution of many factors, there are several theories to explain evolutionary mechanism. easy to guide the human evolution is more and more rely on the weapons used to kill to get the meat, a kind of arms race in prehistoric times to promote the development of the conclusions of the brain, so few people agree with the theory people are more agreeable to the theory of social collaboration, tool making to promote the theory of evolution. From the nutritional point of view, the superiority of vegetarian but more than the meat. from the animal brain body ratio and food relations, more supportive of a vegetarian diet as Lord help omnivorous larger proportion of brain volume assumptions. omnivorous helped early human ancestors mainly deal with adverse weather conditions, plant food shortage problems.
following Darwin's original words we use to make a conclusion for the above . side) we can not compared with the wild beasts or carnivorous animals. In terms of time and place can be sure there are many unknowns, but we can basically conclude that primitive people living in the true warmth of the fruit for a living environment, thus we can infer that humans should live such a life (11).
of human evolution over the relationship with food, only limited areas of natural science. In fact, if not included in the study of humanities areas, we can not answer very well on the planet evolution of life today, the future direction of how such a reasonable question. some scientific supremacists may not agree with this view, they may think that science must be absolutely pure, there can be no connotation of the humanities. This view is very dangerous , scientific, moral constraints if no human can become the devil. On this point, just looking at the Nazis during World War II fascist Germany and Japan to get 731 cases of living to do scientific experiments that can understand. From a medical point of view, Helenians a test animal than the experiment to take data from the more scientific of course, but from a moral point of view the way you can know that this will lead to inhuman contempt for people and even the destruction of mankind.
from the perspective of the humanities the human mind and human intelligence are closely related. I said before the body than the brain volume or brain does not accurately measure out of a population level of intelligence. But the same population, this indicator has obvious statistical significance. based on December 2005 26, Science Daily reported McMaster University researchers found that the larger the brain the higher intelligence. based on this we can infer that the human mind should be able to promote changes in the brain increased. science in this area began to have evidence. According to the 2006 January 27 Harvard University, Yale University and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, a research report (12), the researchers Sara Lazar and her colleagues found that meditation enables the brain become larger (13). This fulfilled an old saying in China : those of the brain. There is still engaged in daily meditation experience is work, but 40 minutes a day practicing yoga meditation, without meditation experience is just to relax. only 40 minutes of meditation on the brain and thinking about a region of gray matter tissue thickening, And more significantly older than the young, and this region is usually the case with age will become increasingly thin. the core of yoga meditation is to let our thoughts orderly chaos, becoming more and more quiet tranquility . confusion caused by our thoughts the most important reason is evolutionary significance should be more than food.
If early human evolution is a result of natural selection, the current high level of self-consciousness of mankind, the earth has been made absolute dominance, a highly developed science and the humanities natural scientific system, the future, whether humans should continue to follow the evolutionary trajectory of natural selection to move forward?
Teilhard de Chardin was a French philosopher, theologian, paleontologists, geologists, the Mingtaiyaer. Germany. Chardin, Teilhard de Chardin, Department of the Chinese name. for a long time in China, paleoanthropology, geology study. spent most of his life engaged in teaching and research in foreign countries. He is the one. He has a special interest in evolutionary problems. In his famous work include the spiritual, material, intellectual and physical and other aspects. from the basic material of the universe, through the complex process of evolution, the emergence of life and thought, given Germany and Japan into the organic synthesis. His departure from the archaeological discoveries, made a bold about the universe, biological, human, spiritual layer evolution point of view. He believes that the world is evolving, from matter to life, to human and spiritual, and finally to the unity among God, the mystery of Ga (omega) point (The Phenomenon of Man > In the past, there was little evolution of animals involved in ethical aspects, we think that only professionals have moral values. This view is wrong. based on May 25, 2009 Xinhua reported: Mark home. Bekoff traveled all over the world to observe the behavior of different animals to explore whether they have just, sympathy, mutual aid and other This is the root of moral always thought that humans and animals have no moral values. But more and more evidence that is not true. have compassion. South African elephant iron latch release in 2003, shaking the fold to open the entrance to help antelope to escape. yet another experiment, researchers put mice into two groups, each group of food to the first, second groups have to bear the pain of electric shock. Results The researchers found that the first group of rats would rather not eat food, do not want to partner an electric shock. researchers have trained Hanuman tokens into the vending machine purchases. There is a long capuchin monkeys because of their age is too large to put tokens dropped into the coin slots, the companion will pick it up off the ground, dropped into the vending machine tokens, the food sent to ...