The so-called human evolution brought meat, pure self-deception

 Vegetarian food and the relationship between evolution is the only way for mankind's future evolution
(2009.10.16)
of: Hou Yamei HU
Editor's Note: Sometimes, some in the scientific community will not form a conclusive inference in the public be spread as truth. basis. Houya Mei is the author of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Research Fellow, in the U.S. and cause an international sensation, prompting Asian archaeological research had to re-evaluate the origin of human civilization, in 2004 she won the national thank the authors of articles, reprint, and author or quote please contact us.
2009 年 2 month is the 200th anniversary of Darwin's birth, he is perhaps the most influential scientists in modern times.
2009 年 2 months is Darwin's 200th anniversary He is perhaps the most influential scientists in modern times. And in November 2009 is the history of one of the most influential book and wisdom have greatly influenced the humanities. In the two centuries of time, not a scientist, science, politics, religion, philosophy and art of comparison with Darwin. Darwin's love contains all the animals. He said: 1). unparalleled importance. out of respect for animal life and love, Darwin himself was a vegetarian. but many nutritionists perspectives in the diet did not agree Darwin, they sought to prehistoric archaeological find from the evolution of life Some meat for their own point of view of nutrition to provide evidence of the facts. as the United States Carolyn. M. Pound in his book, Dr. the cranial cavity quickly match big time. Many anthropologists believe that this relationship is a causal relationship, a direct result of the intellectual meat to improve, thus paving the way for modern people evolved. So, from the prehistoric to the present , meat is for us humans, has been a more valuable food. A basic nutrients, which are difficult to vegetarian nutrition intake. . This sensational claim make any attempt to prepare people to become vegetarians discouraged, and a person like to eat meat, then read this will believe that vegetarianism is more masochistic freak, but more believe that eating meat contributes to human evolution. However, if for a more in-depth analysis, we can see that this view is no scientific basis. let's make some detailed analysis.
the evolution of life on this planet is our most important and most complex event, the scientific community has a certain understanding of this and have to give a general block diagram of biological evolution, but based on these limited facts and draw conclusions still need to be very careful, because there are too many facts and more The mechanism is not known deeply. like Carolyn. M. Dr. Pound as archaeological or anthropological based solely on individual theses made arbitrary conclusions unconvincing. In addition to pure mathematics than in science study because of the limitations of scientific instruments, the limitations of human life itself, and scientists and so one-sided a priori concepts, we can not overcome the piece of a jigsaw of the phenomenon, only through the gradual improvement of equipment, improvement, a little bit to expand our horizons , so that further studies. philosopher of science Karl Popper in his famous book boundaries between the standard) is not verifiable, but of falsifiability, in other words, I do not require a scientific system to once and for all in the positive sense, to be selected out; I demand it has such a logical form, it can With the negative sense, was selected out of the experience: an empirical experience of the scientific system must be refuted. need to do a variety of dialectical analysis point of view, granted only after thorough inquiry the more correct conclusion. This paper attempts to analyze the relationship between food and evolution, such as human life and further evolution towards a higher offer some dietary advice.
good science can not do without the spiritual guidance of Humanities, the problem in the study of human evolution, if the left can easily draw the moral guidance of absurd conclusions. The first part of this paper is purely scientific evidence, the latter part of the reference to the French philosopher, theologian, paleontologists, geologists, Teilhard de Chardin's theory of evolution point of view, the future of mankind and some of a reasonable diet.
more objective to draw the right conclusions. Here We list some of the range of views related to this some more in-depth analysis, see science on the evolution of the relationship between meat and how the conclusions in the end.
First, we briefly outline some of the relevant aspects of human evolution, a fact recognized.
according to anthropologists, human evolution can be divided into the following phases (the following text in anthropology from the AGB. Ya. Luojinsiji, Ma. cell. out justice with the Higher Education Press, Soviet Union, revised edition 1978, translated):
human precursor (Australopithecus) era, from arboreal ancestors Australopithecus get the important genetic characteristics is the ability to use hand and the cerebral cortex of objects the corresponding section. in living habits, and their ancestors, Australopithecus had won another very important feature is the highly developed social nature. Australopithecus first hand should have as social animals and those animals with the ability to They have the ability to find and use tools, but do not have the conscious ability to make tools. As the old, the food structure of Australopithecus detailed archaeological excavations from the field, the fact is difficult to extrapolate, we can only infer roughly south of the ancient apes may be omnivores. But according to Americans George. Sall down to study gorillas in the natural conditions of life and conduct Jane books and the British scientists. 坦桑尼亚坦 Goodall in Lake Tanganyika off the east coast of Nigeria the research work on chimpanzees, We can know something about the details of orangutan diet to make up for lack of archeology. based on the observation of these modern zoologists, the 179 mountain gorillas, about half the nests on the ground, while the chimpanzee nests are usually built trees; gorillas are peaceful animals, chimps are often offensive; gorillas to eat the plants entirely (which consume about 29 kinds of food), while chimpanzees are often predatory, the object of its prey are colobus monkeys, baboons small , red-tailed monkeys and blue long-tailed monkey; gorillas, chimpanzees and Australopithecus have anything to do?
Homo erectus, that is ancient. Its most important feature is to consciously make tools, the most ancient One important tool is the hand ax. archaeologists believe that the era of the hand ax relics main use is to play most of their shape and weight functions, both for rough cutting and chopping; these effects are two purposes: (1) manufacturing stick with the original wood with sharp tools, such as wooden spears; (2) for the decomposition of the bodies of animals have been killed, and take the skull knocking marrow and other animals. So Homo erectus is also omnivores. Homo erectus brain volume the brain than the apes have increased substantially (increased from 435-650 cc 800-1225 cc). the United States Carolyn. M. Pound in his book, Dr. ; turn carnivorous time coincided with the hominid fossil cranial cavity increased rapidly to coincide . For the ancient culture, we can Mousterian site of a large number of tools to judge the excavation, Mousterian tools are characterized by a more sophisticated processing, regular, shape is more diverse. appeared simple bone products. According to the Mo Manchester sites widely distributed fire, burned bones, ash heap of ruins appears, can infer that Neanderthals already have the ability to make fire with fire. So from Neanderthal times, humans began to cooked food, Neanderthals are also omnivores. Neanderthal brain volume than Homo erectus, the brain not only greater but also significantly changed the structure, such as the absolute height of intracranial model and relative height (mainly in the parietal area) increases and so on. It was to conclude the importance of the evolution of cooked food on the brain.
modern or new age do not need to say more.
according to the archaeologists of ancient humans (or erectus) made the function of stone hand ax infer ancient humans to eat meat, this conclusion may be reasonable to a certain extent. But the further inference to eat meat if the necessary conditions of human evolution would be a problem. based on a famous anthropologist, Wu RK's introduction on the origin of hominid evolution of Darwin's theory for a variety of assumptions (3). One of the most famous Consider:
(1) the assumption that meat
Dart (Raymond A. Dart) and 1924 Taung, South Africa (Taung) is about six children found the fossil skull, his teeth like a man, and a small head, broad face, known as Australopithecus. then in other parts of South Africa, found more of the South Australopithecus fossils and a large number of broken animal bones. Dart that these members of small bones to the cave of human subjects, they shatter the bones as tools and weapons. He said that the use of animal bones as early as weapons. He said that bone, teeth and bone fragments angle gear angle Culture (Osterodontokeratic culture), which caused much controversy. Australopithecus Dart explain some of the broken skull and frontal attack because of his accomplices. human evolution is due to increasingly rely on the weapons used for hunting to get meat. A prehistoric weapon competition to promote the development of the brain, which evolved into modern apes have a brutal murder by the tendency. Dart, this interpretation of the scholars in the human are not many people believe, but the origin of man meat on how much effect on what the behavior of human impact, remains to be further studied.
(2) the assumption of herbivorous
Jolly (CJ Jolly) Branch members who made the adaptation of early macaque class like lion-tailed macaque (Theropithecus). He saw the lion-tailed macaque and the more widespread baboons (Papio) is the difference just as the early hominid and ape differences. has this whether the species difference is due to open areas of semi-arid grass seed collection and consumption of food is a special adaptation. lion-tailed macaque bone after the head posture due to sitting for a long time collecting seeds in the spine on its head often the location of the more vertical than baboons. This posture produces the vertical angle of the trunk, will help the formation of upright walking.
As for the chewing ability is strong, it is a lot of the characteristics of mammals do not eat seeds, while the thin the tree is not just food on the prairie grass seeds, roots and tubers may also be members of early human hominid important source of food. lion-tailed macaque is not with the toes dug roots, stems, and officers of early human chimpanzee-like sticks are easy to obtain these foods.
(3) the assumption
otherwise omnivorous two assumptions of California, Berkeley, Hua Shen Boen (SL Washburn) chimpanzee model assumptions such as steppe and Tuttle (R . Tuttle) small ape hypothesis. these two hominid are omnivores. These two characteristics of hominid tools will be used to obtain and prepare plant food, but also hunt small animals.
from The anthropologist's classic about the causes of the hypothesis of human origins, we can at least draw the human origin of meat on the role of how much this conclusion is still not conclusive.
Field Archaeology and the scientific experiments conducted in the laboratory not the same, we can not put the history of human evolution into the laboratory repeated presentation to us, precisely because of this made in the field of archaeological theory in general can be called assumptions. Field Archaeology neither assumption axioms as the mathematical basis can guaranteed to be accurate inference, which is known as the theorem can not be like physics and chemistry in the laboratory after repeated observation, verification, and thus has been called the law. but we can infer from the indirect way it reasonable. of origin of meat how much human role, in particular the development of human intelligence how much or developmental disorders. It has evolved evidence. Taylor and other scientists compared the islands of Borneo and the Indonesian island of Sumatra, the orangutans live, found in northern Borneo orangutan populations living life as lack of resources, resulting in brain smaller amount. Taylor that the lack of resources will affect the growth of the brain also set up conclusions on human (4). vegetarian nutrition is comprehensive it? the answer to this question, we can look at the of nutrition? we can look professional book De Boshi that the . book Dr. Pound cited a case: let the children in poor areas of Africa eat 2 tablespoons of meat a day, they have a change in physical and intellectual .2 years later, these children's muscle development to accelerate , there is also a substantial increase in intelligence, but, they had a more lively, like talking, and often participate in activities. to demonstrate the importance of meat. This lack of rigorous scientific argument, because the United States Carolyn. M. Pond Dr. no attempt to give children in poor areas of Africa to eat with a reasonable vegetarian nutrition, and only these two cases, after a rigorous comparison of the conclusions it has a scientific significance.
another angle is to explore the animal's relative cerebral volume ( brain weight divided by body weight) how the relationship with food. University of California scholar Georg F. Striedter in his monograph on the evolution of the brain, In the food and the relationship between relative brain weight, there are many studies. For example, in bats, the bats eat the insects eat meat or vampire than fruit or flowers or eat the small amount of bat brain (7), while the Spirit insectivorous animals in the long fresh fruit and fresh leaf analogy generally the larger brain volume (Clutton-Brock and Harvey, 1980). Further, with the filtering (filter-feeding) feeding the sharks and whales way than through the pursuit of whale shark predation and smaller brains. first look, the evidence seems to indicate that the relative brain volume and quality of food is closely related; But this conclusion contradicts the data with the bat, because the insects, flowers and fruit nutrition general nutrition than better. flowers and fruits of the lack of protein, but insects eating bats eat the fruit than the brain volume smaller brain volume. So a more reasonable assumption should be: hard to find those who eat relatively large population who eat the food is abundant small brain content of large populations of food. Even if this hypothesis is still inadequate because it did not take into account the parasitic class (for example, Sphenodon lamprey) or by an ambush predator (eg, salmon) Biological cerebellar volume. Therefore, authors propose a more precise assumption: the amount of animals with high brain tends to strategic predation, and the amount of predators who are the cerebellum by random luck. This such as Parker and Gibson, 1977) not only with the bats and the primates of the data match. because the fresh fruit must learn where to find fruit trees, know when it will mature fruit, etc. (Fleming, etc., 1977; Clutton-Brock and Harvey, 1988), the data also agree well with the birds, the brain developed (most encephalized) birds tend to use very complex, based on individual learning strategies to obtain food (Volman, etc., 1977; Clayton et al 2001). encourage brain growth. Similarly another study climate change and the relationship between brain size studies. Geary comparison of the reaction is difficult to hunting or gathering food in the original levels of biodiversity indicators and response to the population of the complexity of social interaction index and the correlation between brain size. Geary index analysis showed that the population is the best predictor of brain size, which means that our ancestors carried out in order to survive competition with the neighbors is to inspire the main reason for the growth of the brain (8). Geary's Research support from the side Georgf. Striedter the view of Professor.
brain size or brain weight ratio in the station (Brain-to-body mass ratio, or encephalization quotient or EQ) can only reflect the different populations of rough animal intellectual size. Generally between brain volume and weight of a proportional relationship. nineteenth century, Snell presented a relationship between body weight on the brain empirical formula:
E = C. Sr
where E is the brain weight, S is the weight, C is called Most mammals, the approximate value of r 0.66. As mentioned earlier archaeologists according to the ancient people (or erectus) made of stone axes infer the function of ancient human beings to eat meat, this conclusion may be justified. However, if further based on the ancient the human brain much more than the fact that gorillas brain volume to the simplistic assertion that ancient human brain volume increase is more than the gorilla eating meat, eating meat causes the brain to draw conclusions on the evolution of there is a problem. Otherwise, the tiger, the lion of these predators should have the largest brain to body ratio and wisdom. but that is not the case. Let us look at the table a variety of animals in the relationship between brain and body weight. Table ranked first in the monkeys are basically herbivores. mole's food is earthworms and other soil invertebrates live animals, who can be regarded as carnivorous. human and chimpanzee is omnivorous, but their physiological structure similar with the gorillas, which determines that they must mainly vegetarian. So to create a unified nomenclature system for vegetarians biological taxonomist Linnaeus Lecture: animals compared to fully display his vegetables and fruits is a natural food. This is a typical predator tiger brain body ratio than the typical vegetarian animals, goats, Asian elephants, gorillas, donkeys and kangaroos and other small; but the proportion of predators than wolves in the brain the body rabbits, goats, small, than sheep, donkeys, gorillas, elephants and kangaroos these vegetarian animals large. So not clear from this table on the brain development of meat has a unique advantage, but that mainly vegetarian omnivore may be good for the brain evolution. We've already pointed out that from the perspective of the modern vegetarian nutrition than meat. So omnivorous contribution of specific gravity of the brain can only be: in the case of bad weather plant food scarce, omnivorous animals than pure vegetarian animals can adapt to the harsh climate. such as Western Europe late Neanderthal survival times, there ice on the planet, had to hunt to obtain adequate nutrition necessary for survival.
form a body of several species of animals, the proportion of
animal brain weight (kg) brain weight (g) body ratio
Rhesus monkey brain monkeys 6.8 179 26.3235
Mole Mole 0.122 3 24.5902
Human person 62 1320 21.2903
Mouse Mouse 0.023 0.4 17.3913
Chimpanzee Chimpanzee 52.16 440 8.4356
Golden hamster golden hamster 0.12 1 8.3333
Cat Cat 3.3 25.6 7.7576
Guinea pig guinea 1.04 5.5 5.2885
Mountain beaver mountain beaver 1.35 2.5 5.037
Rabbit Rabbit 2.5 12.1 4.84
Goat Goat 27.66 115 4.1576
Grey wolf gray wolf 36.33 119.5 3.2893
Sheep Sheep 55.5 175 3.1532
Donkey donkey 187.1 419 2.2394
Gorilla gorilla 207 406 1.9614
Asian elephant Asian elephant 25,474,603 1.8072 < br> Kangaroo Kangaroo 35 56 1.6
Jaguar Jaguar 100 157 1.57
Giraffe Giraffe 529 680 1.2854
Horse Horse 521 655 1.2572
Pig Pig 192 180 0.9375
Cow Cattle 465 423 0.9097
African elephant African elephant 6654 5712 0.8584
Source: Jerison, HJ (1973) Evolution the brain and intelligence. Academic Press, New York.
In summary, the evolution of life is the greatest in the world event, but also the most complex events to promote the evolution of many factors, there are several theories to explain evolutionary mechanism. easy to guide the human evolution is more and more rely on the weapons used to kill to get the meat, a kind of arms race in prehistoric times to promote the development of the conclusions of the brain, so few people agree with the theory people are more agreeable to the theory of social collaboration, tool making to promote the theory of evolution. From the nutritional point of view, the superiority of vegetarian but more than the meat. from the animal brain body ratio and food relations, more supportive of a vegetarian diet as Lord help omnivorous larger proportion of brain volume assumptions. omnivorous helped early human ancestors mainly deal with adverse weather conditions, plant food shortage problems.
following Darwin's original words we use to make a conclusion for the above . side) we can not compared with the wild beasts or carnivorous animals. In terms of time and place can be sure there are many unknowns, but we can basically conclude that primitive people living in the true warmth of the fruit for a living environment, thus we can infer that humans should live such a life (11).
of human evolution over the relationship with food, only limited areas of natural science. In fact, if not included in the study of humanities areas, we can not answer very well on the planet evolution of life today, the future direction of how such a reasonable question. some scientific supremacists may not agree with this view, they may think that science must be absolutely pure, there can be no connotation of the humanities. This view is very dangerous , scientific, moral constraints if no human can become the devil. On this point, just looking at the Nazis during World War II fascist Germany and Japan to get 731 cases of living to do scientific experiments that can understand. From a medical point of view, Helenians a test animal than the experiment to take data from the more scientific of course, but from a moral point of view the way you can know that this will lead to inhuman contempt for people and even the destruction of mankind.
from the perspective of the humanities the human mind and human intelligence are closely related. I said before the body than the brain volume or brain does not accurately measure out of a population level of intelligence. But the same population, this indicator has obvious statistical significance. based on December 2005 26, Science Daily reported McMaster University researchers found that the larger the brain the higher intelligence. based on this we can infer that the human mind should be able to promote changes in the brain increased. science in this area began to have evidence. According to the 2006 January 27 Harvard University, Yale University and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, a research report (12), the researchers Sara Lazar and her colleagues found that meditation enables the brain become larger (13). This fulfilled an old saying in China : those of the brain. There is still engaged in daily meditation experience is work, but 40 minutes a day practicing yoga meditation, without meditation experience is just to relax. only 40 minutes of meditation on the brain and thinking about a region of gray matter tissue thickening, And more significantly older than the young, and this region is usually the case with age will become increasingly thin. the core of yoga meditation is to let our thoughts orderly chaos, becoming more and more quiet tranquility . confusion caused by our thoughts the most important reason is evolutionary significance should be more than food.
If early human evolution is a result of natural selection, the current high level of self-consciousness of mankind, the earth has been made absolute dominance, a highly developed science and the humanities natural scientific system, the future, whether humans should continue to follow the evolutionary trajectory of natural selection to move forward?
Teilhard de Chardin was a French philosopher, theologian, paleontologists, geologists, the Mingtaiyaer. Germany. Chardin, Teilhard de Chardin, Department of the Chinese name. for a long time in China, paleoanthropology, geology study. spent most of his life engaged in teaching and research in foreign countries. He is the one. He has a special interest in evolutionary problems. In his famous work include the spiritual, material, intellectual and physical and other aspects. from the basic material of the universe, through the complex process of evolution, the emergence of life and thought, given Germany and Japan into the organic synthesis. His departure from the archaeological discoveries, made a bold about the universe, biological, human, spiritual layer evolution point of view. He believes that the world is evolving, from matter to life, to human and spiritual, and finally to the unity among God, the mystery of Ga (omega) point (The Phenomenon of Man > In the past, there was little evolution of animals involved in ethical aspects, we think that only professionals have moral values. This view is wrong. based on May 25, 2009 Xinhua reported: Mark home. Bekoff traveled all over the world to observe the behavior of different animals to explore whether they have just, sympathy, mutual aid and other This is the root of moral always thought that humans and animals have no moral values. But more and more evidence that is not true. have compassion. South African elephant iron latch release in 2003, shaking the fold to open the entrance to help antelope to escape. yet another experiment, researchers put mice into two groups, each group of food to the first, second groups have to bear the pain of electric shock. Results The researchers found that the first group of rats would rather not eat food, do not want to partner an electric shock. researchers have trained Hanuman tokens into the vending machine purchases. There is a long capuchin monkeys because of their age is too large to put tokens dropped into the coin slots, the companion will pick it up off the ground, dropped into the vending machine tokens, the food sent to ...

U.S. VIP 2009 Graduation Ceremony of the classic language

 University is the spirit of the park, is a place where young men dream started to take off, a solemn, full of energy, passion and dreams of the graduation ceremony is left unforgettable memories. The summer of 2009, Obama entered the University, brought American Dream on him once again been proved; Anthony. Kennedy, Justice into the campus, brought dignity of the law; Energy Secretary Steven Chu into the university, brought scientific rigor; GOOGLE founder into the campus, with to the scientific innovation; Mrs. Obama into the campus, the school brought to the new vision and hope.
not dream of life is pathetic life. passion, dreams throughout one's life, the future of the way before will go wider and farther.
Obama: We live in a very materialistic society, many people are pursuing money, fame, material comforts, etc., and put them as a yardstick of success. But you it has a value of what we need most: self-discipline rather than self-serving; work rather than enjoyment; character instead of fame and fortune.
2009 年 5 22, President Obama Navy Annapolis, Maryland College graduates on the 2009 session of 1036 made his remarks.
valiant and heroic
U.S. first lady Michelle. Obama: graduates in the pursuit of lofty ideals while not forgetting to society.
May 16, 2009, U.S. first lady Michelle Obama. Obama attended the University of California, Mo Saide Campus 2009 graduation ceremony and keynote speech, urged graduates to pursue lofty ambitions at the same time not forget to contribute to the community. Merced Germany in San Francisco about one hundred and eighty kilometers south of, and increase school Merced campus opened only four years, ten campus University of California, the youngest, the smallest one. Asian Pacific American students as high as thirty-three% , the principal city model Kang Korean descent. Valentine's Day, Michelle's office received more than nine hundred and increase the Merced campus from Valentine card, a Dear Michelle, Come on you promised. We can therefore public attention. ; .
Obama: not just written on parchment aging empty words, they are our country based on freedom and justice, is for all the world to seek freedom, justice, equality and dignity of people as a beacon. hh May 17 Barack Obama University of Notre Dame commencement speech. Declaration, Constitution, Bill of Rights, not just the gradual aging of the parchment to write on empty words, they are our country based on freedom and justice, is for all the world to seek freedom, justice, equality and dignity of people as a beacon. hh as Commander in Chief and a citizen, I made a pledge to preserve, protect, and defend it, I know we can not and must never be abandoned for expediency and its timeless principles. (Vice President Cheney made when oath sworn terrorists so he forgot the words.) I'm so not a claim that idealism talk. We insist on the value of our most precious not only because this is right, but also because it allows us more powerful countries, but also gives us security. In many cases, our values are the best asset of our national security mm in war and peace during the day in the cozy and in turbulent times. faithful to our values is why the United States of America under the rule an empire from the colonial growth of a piece of the world's most powerful nation on the reasons. hh. 在 terrorists can provide to people is just chaos and destruction caused by the violations, the U.S. should shown that our system of values and ideology than a more dynamic and full of hate. I have a word, this treatment will not make you view life you want to reach the land. In fact, the value appearance more important than content value, value value character more important than fame, weigh short-term interests of the long-lasting contribution to the emphasis on the value of such acts are depends on your generation to change over.
Obama May 13, 2009 at Arizona State University graduation ceremony and delivered a keynote speech. agree and firmly believe that a person's title as president mm even the title of this, and people did not explain how good of a life. No matter how many things you do, much success, there are always more things to do, and more things to learn, more to accomplish the cause. be satisfied. Similarly, your overall business remains to be done. Many of you have obtained is usually taught to pursue remarkable achievement: to be included in the Hall of Fame for a hundred people on the list or excellent; high pay and have a luxurious and spacious office; have a glorious title, or a sufficiently renowned cars. You can go mm such a way that some of you may do so. However, in this difficult time, please listen to me a word, this treatment will not make you view life to the land you want to reach. In fact, the value appearance more important than content value, value value character more important than fame, weigh short-term interests of the long-lasting contribution to the emphasis on the value of such behavior is dependent on your generation to change over. Anthony. Kennedy (Anthony M. Kennedy) Justice at Stanford graduation speech
Anthony as a guest. Kennedy (Anthony M. Kennedy) Justice at Stanford graduation
Nobel laureate, the U.S. Energy Minister Steven Chu: your material and get admitted, will not have made. Only those of you a helping hand extended by the people and things you changed, will make you proud.
Nobel laureate U.S. Department of Energy Secretary Steven Chu, June 4, 2009 at Harvard University commencement speech. friends, would like to thank the professors who inspire you, and especially thank those professors on the poor class, because they force you to teach yourself. In the long run, self-learning ability is an excellent liberal arts education, will be your success the key. Second, in your future life, a generous man. in any negotiations, are taking the last little advantage. Do not put on the table. in cooperation, to bearing in mind the honor is not a conserved quantity. successful cooperation of any party, everybody gets 90%. My third advice is, when you begin this new stage of life, follow your passion. If you do not love to find one do not give up. Life is too short to have achieved, something you have to caring deeply. The final piece of advice, that hobby is important, but you should not only consider interests. When you're white-haired, are old and look back on your life, you need to be proud of what you have done. Your material life and get the recognition, will not have made. Only those of you a helping hand extended changed by the people and things you will only make you proud. Jimei Long University graduation ceremony in 2009 and served as speaker.
Google's chairman and CEO, Eric Schmidt: Our goal is to give you as much as possible with the computers together, but be aware Where can I turn off the computer. you may pass the time on the computer, but life is the people around you.
Google's chairman and CEO, Eric Schmidt (Eric Schmidt) graduation ceremony in mid-2009, University of Pennsylvania a speech. influence, to use them, and then close them, more people in and around the exchange. > Google founders Larry Page (Larry Page), 2009  5 on 2 May in the University of Michigan graduation speech. . Since no one can be crazy to do this, you can not complete. but the best people to want to challenge. If one sentence summary of how to change the world, it is extremely exciting career in a work hard on.

How to manage dogs sub-bones story

 Rabbit out of a dog to nest, has been chasing it, chasing a long time still not caught. Shepherd saw this scene, and laugh at dogs, said: You do not know the purpose of running our two are completely different! I just order a meal and run, he was running for their lives and ah.
words heard by hunters, hunters would like: dogs are right ah , I want to get more prey, was to think of a positive solution. As a result, hunters and bought a few dogs, who can be caught in hunting rabbits, you can get a few bones, no food can not catch eat. this trick really useful, they have to work hard chasing dogs rabbits, because no one wants to see other people have bones to eat, not eating their own. so, after a period of time, the problem arose. big rabbit is very difficult to catch that a good catch of small rabbit. But the rewards are big rabbit caught and caught a small rabbit bones are similar, dogs are good at observation, discovered the trick, specifically to catch the little rabbit. slowly, we have found this tips. dog hunters to catch the rabbit that recently you getting smaller and smaller, why? dogs say there is no difference between the size anyway, why charge such force it to catch those big?
Hunter On reflection, it was decided not to share with whether the number of bone hook caught the rabbit, but with each over a period of time, dogs caught a rabbit on the statistics the total weight of the method. to evaluate the dogs according to weight, to determine their treatment within a period of time. So the number of dogs have caught the rabbit and weight have increased.
hunters very happy. but after a period of time, hunters found that the number of dogs and rabbits were caught less, and the more experienced dogs, catching rabbits decline of more interest. So they ask the dog hunters. hounds, said: When you eat you will give us the bones? the number, even catching a rabbit, every meal can get a certain number of bones. dogs are very happy, we are all striving to achieve the required number of hunters. After some time, finally there are some provisions of the hounds to the hunters number.
At this time, including a hunting dog, said: Thus, some dogs left the hunters, their hunting rabbits go.
hound hunters are aware of the loss, and loss of hunting dogs who like dogs and their dogs usually grab the rabbit. the situation getting worse, hunters last resort to lure a stray dog, asked him in the end, where wild dogs stronger than dogs. dingo said: Dayton has the meat, no bones, most of the last lick! Otherwise, you will not have to be tempted. %, and with the service longer, larger contribution, the ratio can be increased, and the right to share in the total rabbit meat hunters, m%. In this way, dogs have to work together with the hunters, the dogs are forced to suffer badly, return to dog teams have strong demand.
story continues hh
only permanent interests, no permanent friends
day one day at a past winter, rabbits fewer and fewer hunters harvest even a single day than one day. and those who service the old dogs have a long time too old to catch the rabbit, but still enjoying the carefree self-righteous that they deserve a large portion of food. Then one day the hunter can no longer bear, them out the door, because hunters need more able-bodied dog hh
BirthofMicroBoneCo. (bone's birth)
be swept out of the old dogs who have been a lot of money in compensation, so they set up MicroBone Company . the way they used to recruit Franchise wild dogs, wild dogs are taught to rabbit hunting skills, they extracted rabbit hunting was part of a management fee. When almost all the compensation for advertising, they finally had enough wild dogs join. the company become profitable. A year later, they acquired a hunter's belongings.
DevelopmentofMicroBoneCo. (bone development of the company)
MicroBone company promised to join the wild dogs can get n% stake in the company. This It is too tempting. These talents are the dogs themselves as they all believe they have found the Concert: finally did the company's owner, and no longer dictated to by hunters endure unpleasant, no longer enough to catch rabbit and working so hard, they do not give the hunter begged helplessly while the play was delicate and charming two bones. It is all of these wild dogs, more than good enough to eat two bones. So dogs are a family and population joined the MicroBone, studied under some of the young hounds are hunters began to stir, many think he is wise or even practical stupid hunters also want to join. many of the same type as the springing up of companies was established, BoneEase, Bone.com, ChinaBonehh a time , the forest hilarious.
Star Is Born
hunters took the money with the sale of the company walked the streets of the old dogs, and finally painstakingly to negotiating with the MicroBone time, the old dogs unexpectedly agreed a hunter, sold his company to MicroBone. old dogs are no longer run the company and began to write his autobiography, as a management hound dog became a household name stars. collection of copyright fees, no risk, more profitable.
Section I: The Material Culture
transactional transactional property of the enterprise culture, enterprise culture, the relative inaction was born, on human values is a step forward. It is no longer deny the value and meaning of life, finds life should have its own pursuit. recognized the significance and value of life is to eat well, dress up, play good. it advocates life values are the value and significance of material comforts, so that people away in order to achieve this kind of material to enjoy. It put the relationship between people, reduced to a relationship between things, all for money, and between mutual use of wealth. by exchange between the two sides to maximize access to money and wealth. the accumulation of money and wealth will become the goal and meaning in life, so who is the most money, who's life value to the maximum. in people with Everyone between the material interests of their own struggle, material wealth.
one of the five characteristics of this culture
one of the greatest feature is that the money through the people and inspire the pursuit of wealth The enthusiasm and creativity, making it possible to improve management efficiency. When people want nothing to the point, people will become afraid of the dead pig open Shui Tang. but who have desires, interests can be used to induce him This makes management becomes possible. The characteristics of corporate culture can be summarized in five aspects.
1. money, material gain is the only temptation to move people so used to motivate people to action
the only measures money and material. Here, people talk about is money, media, and people are for money exchange and cooperation. Money is a lubricant in interpersonal relations, of any conflicts between people are about money and unhappiness, but also can be used money to settle.
2. It attaches great importance to money and material interests of the
intersection in the process of people, always material wealth. because of money, wealth is the only reflect the value of life, but life is always short and, therefore, of money, wealth, material pleasures and the accumulation is not always the ultimate satisfaction. Everyone wants to get the most wealth and achieve maximum satisfaction. So the relationship between people, no one will give up any It should be their own money, wealth and material pleasures.
3. the relationship between people is relatively simple
you need to do to help others, the first payment should think of how much money to give consideration to others. If not thought of that, no matter how committed to each other, and finally will become empty words. Here, love and righteousness to the point on the pounds and ounces. give money to the things to get hurt, do not give on the unjust. So, we need employees do a good job, we must carefully account for how much money to make him fond of, that makes strict demands on themselves, give my heart and strive to do a good job.
4. the power of money with unlimited capital
This enterprise has the supreme right to be free to owners of capital call for workers to drink. The workers also agreed that, even if they are uneven heart, and can tolerate. development. swindling, counterfeiting, there is nothing in their view should not be. I can pass the counterfeit Kengpian others, is my witty is the ignorance of others, but can not say it was my fault.
Second, the advantages and disadvantages
1. The Material Culture of the advantages of transactional
I: The Material Culture
transactional transactional property of the enterprise culture, enterprise culture, the relative inaction was born, on human values is a step forward. It is no longer deny the value and meaning of life, finds life should have its own pursuit. recognized the significance and value of life is to eat well, dress up, play good. it advocates life values are the value and significance of material comforts, so that people away in order to achieve this kind of material to enjoy. It put the relationship between people, reduced to a relationship between things, all for money, and between mutual use of wealth. by exchange between the two sides to maximize access to money and wealth. the accumulation of money and wealth will become the goal and meaning in life, so who is the most money, who's life value to the maximum. in people with Everyone between the material interests of their own struggle, material wealth.
one of the five characteristics of this culture
one of the greatest feature is that the money through the people and inspire the pursuit of wealth The enthusiasm and creativity, making it possible to improve management efficiency. When people want nothing to the point, people will become afraid of the dead pig open Shui Tang. but who have desires, interests can be used to induce him This makes management becomes possible. The characteristics of corporate culture can be summarized in five aspects.
1. money, material gain is the only temptation to move people so used to motivate people to action
the only measures money and material. Here, people talk about is money, media, and people are for money exchange and cooperation. Money is a lubricant in interpersonal relations, of any conflicts between people are about money and unhappiness, but also can be used money to settle.
2. It attaches great importance to money and material interests of the
intersection in the process of people, always material wealth. because of money, wealth is the only reflect the value of life, but life is always short and, therefore, of money, wealth, material pleasures and the accumulation is not always the ultimate satisfaction. Everyone wants to get the most wealth and achieve maximum satisfaction. So the relationship between people, no one will give up any It should be their own money, wealth and material pleasures.
3. the relationship between people is relatively simple
you need to do to help others, the first payment should think of how much money to give consideration to others. If not thought of that, no matter how committed to each other, and finally will become empty words. Here, love and righteousness to the point on the pounds and ounces. give money to the things to get hurt, do not give on the unjust. So, we need employees do a good job, we must carefully account for how much money to make him fond of, that makes strict demands on themselves, give my heart and strive to do a good job.
4. the power of money with unlimited capital
This enterprise has the supreme right to be free to owners of capital call for workers to drink. The workers also agreed that, even if they are uneven heart, and can tolerate. development. swindling, counterfeiting, there is nothing in their view should not be. I can pass the counterfeit Kengpian others, is my witty is the ignorance of others, but can not say it was my fault.
Second, the advantages and disadvantages
1. thing of the benefits of transactional
corporate culture corporate culture advantages of this is through money, wealth, the incentive to create a relatively high corporate efficiency. because people are yearning for money, but also are concerned about money. So, the money they have sufficient attractive. the use of money can bring their enthusiasm and creativity to explore them into economic efficiency of enterprises; the same time, in the management operation is relatively simple, Well done to bonuses, pay raise, the Director-General who will be motivated.
reform and opening up, China's township enterprises and private sector development has been able to achieve better efficiency, associated with the point. It is generally poor, money, and material interests of the first one, because the feed and clothe everyone's pursuit. Who can give more money, I give you more work, so that the township enterprises and private enterprises in the equipment and technology than the state-owned enterprises lag behind a lot of cases, and achieved good economic returns.
2. The Material Culture of the shortcomings of transactional
disadvantage of such a culture is difficult to form enterprises cohesion, people consider the issue from a monetary point of view, there is no one really cares about each other. As a business owner, to give you the money today so that you do live, tomorrow, not the order, let you go, and so has order to hire people. do the workers, it would only consider a higher economic return, if there is another company to give three pieces of five, he would not hesitate to resign, switch to the other sects.
people from the money perspectives, eyes are focusing on the money and interest, the staff is so, the boss as well. No one from the angle of the long-term development of enterprises, and no one thought the sake of long-term planning from the business, stability and enterprise development human resources planning and investment. employers and employees is merely a sale and use of relationships. even the boss will cheat employees, employees should be withheld wages.
II: the right of the level of corporate culture
The level of the right type of corporate culture, relative to the material culture of the trading enterprise, the value and significance of life on another step forward. It is no longer recognized the value of life is only to satisfy material desires, but also outside of materialism psychological needs met. this kind of enterprise culture to lead the powers of people's eyes, who won the power to identify, will come to realize the value and meaning of life, who received the greater the power, and who realize the value and meaning of life the more large. so that the way to motivate others, further enriched and developed.
one of seven so-called power that is characteristic
one can impose their will on others, so that the right of the powerless and those who obey their own small the power of the will. because power big and small, the size difference between the power to form a strict hierarchy. the values, such a corporate culture emphasized the rationality of power and obedience is the need to co-exist. that is, said that the right can do whatever they want, the power is to determine standards of right and wrong, there should not be a problem. right and the right to be subject to the right of the small large, that should not be disobeyed. Therefore, the right of the level of enterprise cultural and material as the transaction is a corporate culture corporate culture jungle. powerless can gain power through various means, so that the unconditional right to the original subject.
1. under the absolute obedience
boss as long as subordinates to do things with both hands, do not take head. to do what to do, what to do to do so is not allowed to ask why. by the superior responsibility, the results were good or bad has nothing to do with the work. < br> 2. on the absolute authority under the act
subordinates can only listen up, to understand to perform, but also do not understand the implementation. supervisor is not allowed under discussion, thinking it's right or not.
3.
between the upper and lower hierarchical relationship has not changed in this up and down before the boss has the absolute authority to any assignment of subordinates. subordinates in addition to listen up or listen up, there is no sense of dignity and worth of their own problems to be demeaning and even this can not be defied as a destiny, , also stressed the development of a number of management systems, but the management system is an advance warning, however, it is those in power according to the needs of supervisors, at any time to adjust. such as the system requires late fine of 30 yuan, if the boss found, owner of a bad mood, he will condemn the one pass, a fine of 500 yuan. If you are the boss found, just the boss have a good mood, he would say, bar. the rules do not meet the authorization controls. any right of little people than he can only obey, he does not need to use a rule to restrain themselves.
6. can only be tamed by managers of small power tools and
powerless to loyalty-based, ultra vires guilty is the greatest infidelity and unreasonable, without self-consciousness must become a docile tool.
7. attaches great importance to corporate culture emphasizes order
this order, that order above all else. But its content is simply the absolute obedience under.
Second, the advantages and disadvantages
1. the right of the level of the advantages of enterprise culture right
enterprise culture of the class sum up the advantages, there are two o'clock:
1), this kind of enterprise culture to ensure the business operation to achieve higher efficiency. because those in power gave orders to all the people can act together. Therefore, the higher the efficiency of business operation.
2), this culture has a certain cohesiveness. the right of the small and powerless dependence and obedience to authority, is widely considered to be their bounden duty.
2. the right level of enterprise culture of the shortcomings of < br> right to the level of corporate culture but also the shortcomings and limitations of two:
1), over-emphasis on obedience, leading under the initiative and creativity are suppressed, and thus make it difficult for innovative companies, to quickly adapt to market changes enterprise development.
2), this kind of enterprise culture, enterprise run a greater risk. the fate and future of the entire enterprise from the top of the pyramid are the boss about a person, the boss of any shortcomings and limitations will be magnified and the catastrophic consequences to the enterprise.
3, the right to the level of corporate culture in the form of two real
1), is the emphasis on order and majesty of the power-based corporate culture. It emphasizes the absolute under obedience, and this subject is directly through power and terror to maintain, through the obedience of those who do not impose a variety of combat and punish those who disobey to tame and use it to warn other employees.
2), stressed the safety of fatherly peaceful enterprise culture. it under stress the importance of love and on the protection and maintenance of the subject under, interdependence and respect.
these two forms of reality, there is no essential difference. In corporate culture of power, as long as subordinates powerless to tame, docile, vicious as those in power would like the loving father, loving and protecting the next impose. the old IBM Watson era of corporate culture is a typical fatherly type of harmony The level of the right type of corporate culture. The drug trafficking is an order of triad awesome power corporate culture, corporate culture or called robbers.
Confucian culture in the two core concepts, the right to direct that the level of enterprise culture internal requirements. One is the value is higher than all but the right is from, but right is respected, this is the right level of enterprise culture in the code of conduct.
III: Human
this type of corporate culture corporate culture has four distinct characteristics :
(1) emphasize democratic participation;
(2) emphasis on equality and cooperation;
(3) emphasize the unity of Lijiliren;
(4) stress the importance of rules and norms to coordinate the various actors the relationship between.
culture in the people business, people can be sure that all the desires, and concluded that everyone has the right to seek all desires. human culture and physical culture of the different transaction types. things This transaction is identified only one type of corporate culture's materialistic values and the value of physical senses to meet the man identified by the corporate culture than its content value of life much richer.
corporate culture both human life and basic needs are met , including self-worth are achieved, but also valuable to determine realized. It found the existence of man is a great, great not only reflected in the life of this valuable, and they are invincible on. the right of the level of enterprise culture in the recognized the value of life, it does not recognize the human dignity and personality.; This is the right of the level of corporate culture and human culture where the biggest differences.
stressed democratic participation
people found the corporate culture of democracy The value for everyone involved to provide the conditions to achieve, people can own reality, to choose their own ways to realize value. democratic right to participate in this feature is just the dictatorship of the class opposed. to ensure that any one make a difference others suppress the individual will not affect their self-realization.
emphasize that equality, cooperation
identified each individual to realize their own value and develop their own subjectivity, while having the same opportunities, but alone, alone will not be successful, we must work together with others. Without the cooperation of others, the role of individual subjective initiative will be greatly limited. To effectively implement such cooperation, it must be the premise of equality, cooperation can not unilaterally impose their will on everyone to their own interests with others, but such cooperation does not allow in any sense denying the interests of others.
stressed the unity of
This Lijiliren That is, both the requirements of self-interest, but not harm others. neither endorses selfish, not self-interest is not high talk, utter devotion to others. it was impossible to do without self-interest, utter devotion to others, also do not expect anyone could cents not self-serving, utter devotion to others, sacrificing the interests of others his own interests. For example, the general manager employed by the board of directors, shareholders only if he earned enough profit to achieve business development, to make their talents are play, and realize their value.
stress the system to coordinate the relationship between the various actors
everyone seeking their own values and interests, which makes the inevitable conflict between people and the opposition. Thus each individual to seek to maximize the benefits and value realization, all individuals must agree through a rule and follow the action to restrain the individual, so that the coordination of relations between individuals, reducing friction and antagonism, which and follow the rules of common identity is the company's rules and ethics.
IV: honest and friendly corporate culture
this culture emphasized in the enterprise, the value of each individual to achieve and satisfy the interests of both are dependent on the whole enterprise. realize the value of each individual and benefits to meet, are inseparable from the overall enterprise that provides the background support. any person of any achievements and as are in the business of this background and on the stage to achieve are his subordinates, colleagues and superiors for his full cooperation and support of the results. So here, through the altruistic aim to achieve self-interest has become a prevailing rules. dedication to others, that is, to seek their own interests satisfaction and value realization. individual initiative and creativity directly into the first contribution to the enterprise, but also through this contribution to his personal well-received, in order to achieve self-worth and value of others to satisfy judgments.
one, five characteristic
1. emphasized the development of personal interests and personal interests and the overall development of the overall dependence of the overall interests of
only been achieved, the overall realization of the development, to pursue our individual interests and personal development. so that each individuals can be achieved through the altruistic self-interest, and from the long-term interests to consider, so each individual to sacrifice short-term interest to maintain the long term interests.
2. between employees regardless of level
here stressed the mutual trust between employees, mutual love, mutual respect, trust, love and respect to get the support and cooperation of others. But this trust, love and respect are out of a self-serving purposes shown altruistic behavior, but this is often the implicit purpose of self-interest rather than of words.
3. recognizes the value and contribution of individuals, but subdivision publicity but the value and contribution of individuals in this culture
, the great emphasis on interdependence, the overall value of cooperation. so that even people who really make a difference, but also from the heart felt his behavior are multifaceted with this team the support and cooperation inseparable. This individual is considered as made in his personal and value as the same time, is also considered as a whole and the overall value of.
4. to achieve full and effective communication
in this business cultures, between individuals through a variety of channels of effective communication, so as to achieve mutual understanding and mutual recognition of each other's behavior. as equal parties to communicate freely, and thus will become smooth communication channels, communication becomes flexible, easy to communicate the content in depth.
5. in good faith as the glue between
harmony in this corporate culture, human relations are integrated, can be frank with each other, intrigues behind the act is not calculated. people all the energy can be used without hesitation in their own work, used in his career.
Second, the advantages and disadvantages
advantage of this culture is evident , it can make the full enthusiasm and creativity of play, so that the value of life is fully expressed. But the corporate culture has its limitations, this is too many people to accommodate each other between the will, so that In this corporate culture of the people, can not establish absolute authority. so in response to market changes are often too slow, so that the development of enterprises should be difficult to obtain the speed.
this kind of enterprise culture in today's society , widely present in the small high-tech enterprises. because of such enterprises with high technical content limit small scale of investment to achieve development and is a major factor in the success of dedicated and sincere cooperation.
V: democracy and equality
this kind of enterprise culture, enterprise culture, emphasizing the development of enterprises as a whole dependence on individual employees. In other words, the will of the whole enterprise goals, based on the enterprise goals of different individuals as the premise, and therefore there is no goals of individual will, there is no enterprise-wide goals. In this corporate culture, maximizing each person's interests is a priority goal.
one, three features
1. stress the importance of democracy making decisions to achieve corporate culture
with this business, to develop any kind of decision-making are emphasized equal participation, joint decision-making, there is no single individual to the will impose on others their own personal situation. When the enterprise appears differences of opinion, generally have taken the principle of majority through democratic voting decision. This is honest and friendly corporate culture and different, honest and friendly corporate culture to emphasize that to achieve understanding through communication, there is no majority to impose its will in a few cases above.
enterprise in a democratic culture of equality, majority rule is a passage, encountered difficulties in harmonizing the views, the democratic vote, the majority's choice to be the final standard.
2. emphasized that everyone has the right to equal participation
where everyone can be expressed through equal participation in their own will, and to participate in decision-making to corporate management. any person has the right to deny others views. When he views as a whole in the minority in this, his obligation to obey and abide by the majority of people agree with the opinions and decisions.
3.
individuals may also become the authority in this kind of enterprise culture, may often form a different authority, which is representative of the views of the majority of people, although there is as an individual, but he may be the whole embodiment of the will of the majority, so he was in this small community has the authority features. However, this authority are not static, often too biased because of his views, lost the support of people lose authority.
Second, the advantages and disadvantages
advantage of this corporate culture there is a widely recognized mm democratic voting procedures to coordinate everyone's views, so that the efficiency of business enterprises than honest and friendly corporate culture, efficiency is higher. In the enterprise culture of democracy and equality can the principle of majority decision-making, thus enhancing the external environmental change the reaction. the limitations of this culture is often good ideas are likely to be depressed, it is often said that truth is often rests in the hands of a few.
VI: fair competition, corporate culture
The corporate culture that emphasizes the corporate culture of individual heroism in the prevalence of one kind of internal competition rules of survival of the fittest. In this kind of enterprise culture, the human personality or the value of the individual was placed in the highest position, is no longer emphasis on the individual development and the overall interests of the development of dependence, but stressed the value of a single individual's success and contribution to the overall role of the enterprise. in a fair and competitive corporate culture, people see only the success of the hero. but not as successful as pave the way, do people support the value and status. . evaluation of human values is relatively simple, the behavior of the kind of bright when achieved temporary success, will be held in contempt by everyone.
one, three features
1. individual heroism values
This is the culture promoted by the values of individual heroism, emphasizing the individual heroism, outstanding coming to the fore to encourage people, and coming to the fore as an outstanding success in this evaluation criteria.
2. the principle of fair competition, equality of opportunity
this kind of enterprise culture emphasizes competition, and only through fair competition's success can be widely accepted, and only fair competition in which winners can become a hero. In this corporate culture, emphasizing the creation of equality for everyone The machine ...

Why China's economic boom continued dialogue

 Dialogue: Why China's sustained economic prosperity?
Serialized in dark clouds can be sustained? Not long ago, Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, six middle-aged economist at China Economic Research Center at Fudan University, conducted a dialogue to discuss Why continue?
time: 2008 10 月 10 日 18:30 m20: 30
Fudan University, China Economic Research Centre
Lu Ming: Hi everyone, there may be some friends from the media, first of all very Thank you for taking the time this evening to participate in our activities. Today, we organized a forum, this forum titled Some short-term economic impact, but because of a time when we commemorate the thirtieth anniversary of reform and opening up the opportunity to host this event, so the discussion this evening may also involve long-term problems. all of you gentlemen, how much of their research and the Chinese ........ continued development of relations in which we invited four teachers, do today's speakers. First, make a presentation before the event begins. The first one is the China Center for Economic Research Professor Jun Zhang Zhang introduced the teacher to do, but I do not mind we welcome applause. The second speaker was Professor He Fan, who in addition to doing research, social activities are also very rich, but also the Speakers are Professor Yang Qijing bit from the Renmin University of China, he organized a company in the Congress Center and the organization, he is now Executive Director, so I hope the young generation economists, Yang could have in this regard A new career progress. fourth is an associate professor Xu Xiang now, he is a teacher Lingnan College. this evening's discussion is a very relaxing activity, so I think confused a little fun, basically to take in such a way, around Today's theme I mentioned some problems after the end of each issue raised, please four guests, based on their understanding of this issue, speaking three to five minutes, that probably thirty-four. this session, we control in about an hour, Of course, you have to prepare, I would have strong smell of gunpowder that quarreled it does not matter. The next half an hour we can freely discuss the issues of today some of the views published.
we begin today's activities. I earlier simple question about the background of today, in the long run, we discussed the Chinese economy, after three decades of economic reform and restructuring after reached a very critical period. China is a cycle about three decades, I wrote an article article, which is the period mentioned in fact, the meaning of reincarnation. now are beginning to enter the domestic and international economic recession, then to China, the arrival of this period, in the end because the reasons for China's domestic or international reasons more important, is not the advent of this cycle means the end of the rapid growth of China, or the next there will still be sustained and rapid development, these are issues of concern. In the short term, we all know that the onset of the recent U.S. financial turmoil, the serious consequences Needless to say of me. Today around the theme of the event, I would like to mention the first small problem is that some guests would like to ask today, next to China, If we are to maintain sustainable development, and is continuing the development of high-speed In fact, for us, 3%, 5% is not surprising, then rapid growth, the most important factor is what? If the combination of economics, what we should be concerned about the issue, and the issues for China's contemporary economic development is the most important? I first mentioned this problem, then simply follow this order, and then the second question we again reverse.
Jun Zhang: Lu Ming problems just mentioned, we have an international meeting this morning, We also discuss the issue privately. My personal opinion is that China is now able to escape the risks of global financial turmoil. and we have no better way, short-term, and I think we have to pessimistic. We are exposed to many commercial banks out of the question, such as his purchase of U.S. bonds have unpaid debts in that place is dark, the so-called losses, are still not completely counted. from the amount of speaking, our main commercial banks, now have the debt according to different estimates, about three to five billion, including the peace recently exposed this problem. I think we are very concerned about the financial problems caused by their own, but most is not the financial issues, but the U.S. economy out of the question. U.S. economy appears issues and the global economic downturn, gave the Chinese have had a great impact. An American counterparts, said the biggest problem the U.S. has moved from Wall Street to come out, like a cancer, it has permeated all aspects of the economy, including universities, now University of pensions even have a problem. They estimate that the entire fund of Harvard University will drop 60%. My son told me that email, the principal mail to all students that the day may be difficult next year, too, do not expect a scholarship. this situation, the impact of the entire United States has more than just Wall Street. Now, as General Motors also afford to lose a mess. Americans are not consumed, the situation in China is a very big impact. I just said What is the background mean it, that China is now no way to discuss we will not be affected, and in fact we have been and are being affected. As to the extent of impact, we need to further estimate. For China, a very positive thing is the introduction of decision-making and decision-making is very difficult to change. This I think is because the Chinese economy after the government intervention in the 90s too, have to be changed many policies have been very easy, too many interests involved, the itself is very negative. Of course people are concerned about how long this time, I think this background the following in the current, short-term and long-term has been somewhat blurred, such as the United States is now the situation will continue for three years or five years, China economy, turn around time may be when, I think it is anyone's guess. My personal view is that China is concerned, there is no better way, second-best option is to not let the situation deteriorate, so there joint action between the world. But I think now this action may be of some help on Wall Street, but in terms of the entire U.S. economy, in fact, not too great. So now just say, we can find a way to stop this the further spread of things, let things get worse, this is the best option. Therefore, China and the United States at present only with which we now need to reach consensus on one thing. The second thing, and now Everybody is talking about, we need to stimulate domestic demand, or the medium and long terms, in response to the global financial turmoil, but things are not so simple. I believe all of you are aware, yesterday opened the Third Plenary Session of these policies In the out slowly, for the stimulation of consumer demand in China, not so fast, the need for a slow adjustment process, so I personally feel that we are here today to discuss this issue, is there a better way, I think if there were no , we may all join together only through such global economic issues.
Lu Ming: I understand that Zhang's remarks, mainly from the short-term perspective. He Fan, the next teacher to listen to the views of Because some time ago you talked about internal and external imbalances book, Mr. Ho, you is not from the perspective of the entire economic world situation and the situation in China combined.
He Fan: Lu Ming who knows me also. you mentioned to this problem, in fact, should be placed on the thirtieth anniversary next year, talking about something more interesting. In fact, our first three years in revolution; three years later and found more interesting to make money, so the economic development; so the next three decades, China's economy can can not be sustained prosperity, and all the problems of economics, all the problems of economics is only one answer, that depends on what our policy. We are at a crossroads, we have two roads, and we what to do. a way that we also follow the development strategy in the past. We are now seeing a lot of the media, academics, including many officials say, is to quickly rescue the market, the export business, how many have been closed down, the real estate business now claim to be policy. is very simple, you now have investment opportunities in the export sector? No. you can find other entities of the sector investment opportunities? no. that the final will go where the money is definitely to the real estate, stock market, so Finally, not only failed to rescue the Chinese economy, we may put the Chinese economy into a big bubble. but there may be the other way, the subprime crisis is now forcing us to reform, we have no other way to feel, when there is no way, when set of resurrection, it wants to reform. We are now the problems China faces is the internal and external imbalances, we have a mighty force in single, we are engaged in manufacturing exports, this time to save him, the best way is to let He escaped, spared the sooner the better, the farther the better. we must allow more resources to be able to walk away from the manufacturing export sector. Many manufacturing companies have done well, but do not have confidence in the domestic market over the past as do the domestic market, have their own brand, have their own marketing team, and if you do exit, take a order on the line. Wal-Mart give you a list you're happy, but you actually working for others. Now we are forcing Chinese manufacturers to really be competitive, have their own brand, have their own R & D, so that such enterprises to develop. and more importantly, we want to open a door to many live in the enterprise, to transfer to the local development potential, is China's services sector. China's most lucrative services, we are now less than investment, education is a huge gold mine, health is a huge gold mining, transport and communications transportation finance and insurance, all the pillars of the service sector, including the production of services such as logistics and distribution, all of which are huge gold mine. But the problem is we do not open the door. If you do not open the door, all exporters will beaten to death before the arrival of the tsunami did not really, we will he beaten to death on the beach, and if the door quickly, you can put them to stay alive. So how about the future of China's economy in the end, now is a time to make a choice .
Lu Ming: Is it can be understood, if the government macro-management by way of lower interest rates, increasing supply would be a bit dangerous, you mean, but next year may produce bubbles in asset markets?
He Fan : Monetary policy can not change the economic structure, changing the economic structure through industrial policies, so that there is no change in the economic structure of the case, I rush to relax fiscal policy, the first possible resurgence of inflation, and second, to increase liquidity after the the mobile where to go, it is certainly going to the stock market, real estate market.
Lu Ming: the static agree with that?
Yang Qijing: My personal view, my personal definition of China as a future that is prudent optimism. perceptions of China, to stand to see a larger view. on China's economic development, China's problem is development and transition to the two questions into one, while in the existing special an issue under the international framework. We first look at the first question, the issue for China and the United States is now the understanding, I think the short term, This impact is inevitable, which I think everyone is undeniable. but how much impact This may be in theory or from empirical to be examined. The evidence can only be said after, but for now, I think the impact of the financial impact of the reason for the United States so much, because the U.S. industrial structure of its financial structure of very large, so impact of the financial sector received after it has great influence throughout the economy. including, as the UK, the financial crisis led to the UK after the ten international ranking fell. But like China, the problem for China the impact, I think we must take the transmission mechanism to figure out, which is financially out of the question, through this mechanism will not be passed up the real economy. to China, we see a problem with these financial institutions, he is a problem, but one thing, he will not affect the confidence. if confidence in financial institutions under attack, and then the impact to the industry, if the chain exists, then the sub-prime crisis will have a significant impact on us; If the chain does not exist, then this impact, I think it is limited. In addition, from our export structure, I think we will be affected, but how much of this impact, the same should be thinking, because we are the United States and developed countries exports, mainly of its necessities, luxury goods is relatively small. Of course I am not a study of international trade, but to my intuition, it certainly will have an impact, but these people, after all, wear clothes, to eat, still need China. So, I think it is the beginning of the financial impact the impact on the domestic industry worth exploring. the short term, I think the impact will not be particularly special. In addition, the real estate bubble we all thought, to my understanding, to not a bubble, is the result of a post. I have heard some people say, the best real estate prices down 50%, I can only say that you probably good intentions. We look at the U.S. situation, we really do a place to live, after 50% reduction in what the consequences of short-term impact on the financial sector is very large, then the impact of the industrial chain is great. Another is a U.S. subprime mortgage crisis had to think about. I not specifically thought about this, but today I think on the plane in China, the United States, I personally feel that it is in the existing international framework, China's development model and development model of the United States, the United States appears in a certain period people received benefits, but it is precisely this development model in China weakened the competitiveness of the United States. You are a necessity, and you to import, you buy me something cheap Chinese production, industry, escalation, continued erosion of its industries, while China to earn foreign exchange, the United States money, cheap to lend him the Chinese people, led to his decline in interest rates, real estate and further bubble, this one is the output of China's low-cost resources. I sometimes think, sometimes, justified, you think it is cheap resources, even if you do not want to provide, there will be many people willing to offer. In this process, China is there are two problems, one is the development, one is transformation. As the cost of development, from the world that we do not see any country in the development process, the conditions of absolute equality is maintained, a development of poor countries, this is impossible. is precisely what the U.S. market through the use of its demand driven our growth. From this point of view of international economics, no problem, we free trade, but from a dynamic perspective, the ability to enhance China, U.S. manufacturing capacity has declined. so that the sub-prime crisis broke out, I understand now China, India, countries such as erosion of the strength of the United States, although it is under attack, but I personally feel that we have a greater chance.
He Fan: I just talked about the quiet, he spoke through trade channels, the impact of the subprime mortgage crisis on China is relatively large. He only saw the CCB Financial to buy a number of financial products, the loss is not great, but do not forget, we have hundreds of millions of dollars in foreign exchange reserves of 1.8. For example, a person bought this year Some stock is stuck, and very painful, heart-you think the Government has stuck with 1.8 trillion U.S. dollars by the depth of .2003 4 billion U.S. dollars in foreign reserves, we continue to use such a development model, and now has increased more than the original 1.4 trillion, if continued, will be 2 trillion and 5 trillion. On the face of very good, made a lot of money but we are now shrinking, which is happy to see the United States. I Earlier this month, in the Tianjin to participate in the did not diminish the power of the United States, but the United States in a quagmire dragged us to go inside, so the The.
Zhang: I would respond, just listen to it all, Professor Yang mean, in fact, the U.S. subprime mortgage crisis on China's influence is limited, but I think this effect can not be underestimated. Let us think about the world today In fact, on the impact of wealth for developing countries, especially the development of emerging market economies have a very big impact. This morning my American friends in private and discuss this topic, the question now is what we will return to year, and now The problem is that the wealth status of the world fell in the affirmative, shrinkage is yes, what year, but will return back to the 80s, or 2000. In fact, I think no one can now under this conclusion, and now how this kind of wealth in the end, I just talked about the University are facing this problem, so I think now is the time when the global wealth. just like Professor Ho said, because the world five years ago, there have been signs of such the world since the rise of China, her share of global GDP from less than 5%, only about 3% to now nearly 20% less than that, in accordance with the purchasing power of nearly a quarter, so if you want to a scale below the global wealth, China of course will be a very big impact. Second, we think about the world economic downturn, China's economy is based on this wave as a leader, and this wave is the so-called emerging economies market countries, there are about forty economies, their impact is very large, you see changes in global energy prices, inflation is not the first to push the United States, but China is the emerging market countries, they are most vulnerable to energy price impact of our pay for. more than ten years ago, when the rise of China changed the world situation, there are some world production is not only the consumption of the country, to support those who are not only the production of national consumption. China is now the capital of the world output about 15%, we become the largest exporter of capital.
is Xu Xiang: I know nothing about finance and real estate issues, so the first form a state, it was not aware that the topic just now, he was just read some news, not comment. I would like to respond to one point in the end is now the country's economic growth or how. In such an environment now, who is most affected by, is certainly done the most to do foreign trade business . We wanted to do something now, have not really carried out, but you can be and to share it. One is from the enterprise perspective, is not a large number of companies died. in Guangdong, a group of companies is indeed dead, but use the words of government officials, this group is the so-called volume of 2%. these companies gone it, go to the example in Dongguan, Shenzhen, Foshan, Zhongshan, almost is if we go inside, Guangdong Province, which is 70% to 80% within the province, there are some transferred to the Jiangxi, there are still some abroad and it is this corporate shift. Another one is the government doing in this round of what was going on, of course, a large environment, such as the appreciation of the renminbi is not around, but the Guangdong government to do What happened then, one is to improve labor costs, wages increased, these are the Government took the initiative to do. We found that when dealing with local government, when they 03,04 years to do this thing, this time it is When the Pearl River Delta's economic development, land use indicators have been used almost the same, and further development, space is limited. so he had an idea that is death sentence for a number of enterprises, the most effective way is to artificially increase costs, they are still doing One thing is water, electricity, water and electricity companies must use, so by this, he was part of a conscious drive away. He engaged in a number of so-called industrial park. Guangdong to see if the separate case, a relatively developed Pearl River Delta, western or eastern the economy is not how, but also in Guangdong Province where the country's poorest, can be seen in the west, in Guangdong Province will also be able to see, he wanted some companies into just such places, right? they are doing this things, and from 2004 to 2007 we saw the data, in part, the Government do, some enterprises have moved to the park running better, if the local highway can go, then these companies have passed; if No highways, especially in western Guangdong this highway is not in the past, then it is not up development. My personal feeling is that the local government in large changes in the international context has been done before this thing is, they want to develop modern service industry, but also would like to develop this car, and I want to develop the petrochemical this, at least with my personal feeling that he is better grasp on this. you will find the country's investment, we have been concerned about the investment growth rate We maintain a rapid growth rate, but Guangdong's investment is relatively low, Zhongshan or even zero growth rate. I personally feel that we are doing forecasts, depends on pilot indicators, then look at the whole country sustainable prosperity, perhaps we should first look at some of the provinces, Guangdong, perhaps a sample. to do some homework ahead of time, enterprise level, the government level to do some work, these effects will not be particularly large, probably so.
Lu Ming: Thank you for giving us some information on the Pearl River Delta. just say I think its pretty quiet interesting one is the empirical research to be done later. I now have a worry, we are now experiencing the recession crisis, We all know that the main source is the virtual economy and the financial sector, but it will slowly spread to the real sector, I have some concerns a few years we will look back, but also understood as a real cyclical? another point, just the static stresses, that is, the Chinese economy and the world economy links. You see this a recession, said bluntly, China is a certain responsibility. basic logic is actually taking a low-cost approach to development, very low labor costs, we rely on exports, while domestic consumption is not, it causes a lot of foreign exchange reserves, he decided to buy U.S. Treasury bonds, and result in low U.S. interest rates, high borrowing, high prices, and finally barely. The crisis has a very important characteristic is the appearance of global economic imbalances. Just now Professor Ho said that if this issue is not see to take some measures such as increasing the money issue, not only will not solve the problem, but will intensify. Next we involve more medium to long term problems. Now that we can reach a preliminary consensus on structural adjustment is very important, so we should let everyone look at structural adjustment, structural adjustment, especially China, we think the most important aspect is which? but please do not mention China's domestic demand less than that.
Yang Qijing: First of all thank you for a case, the Government in the process of industrial restructuring, in fact, there is a trade-off the development process, and I in response to Lu Ming's question, simply one on foreign exchange reserve thing. If the country's foreign exchange reserves to get the inside hand, did not use their own, different from the get private hands. on the financial links to the real economy, I always insist, in which economic analysis, must take the process and results engage in the situation, we should find out the micro mechanism, not generalities. countries the money loss, and anyway, the money countries do not use, I admit that this definitely is a national loss, but on the real economy where the impact of this gonna lay it clear that this is one of my response. Another, referred to industrial upgrading, I personally feel that if we are talking about long-term, I think I am an optimist, why? China's development model, as I have just said, from the start by pulling the international market demand of China, China's domestic demand does not start. Of course we criticize a lot, but the positive sense, we have plenty of room, if China is now so problems, and developed countries, domestic demand is saturated, we can not find domestic demand, that China's problem is bigger. If China's development to a level of developed countries, we have no other way, and developed countries, can not find where we demand. But in China, how to explore domestic demand, there is indeed a difficult, but medium and long term, is that we have a chance, indicating that our wisdom is lucky hit Ye Hao, Ye Hao is to defeat others, but the key are we still rich. the money not spent, once the demand up, the industrial structure also to this place. We can promote the growth of domestic industrial upgrading, this is to be discussed. the other one, my personal point of view of economic development , I believe in , the entrepreneur will find the problem. Of course the government should be corresponding measures, rather than jump on what we should upgrade to the industry, industrial upgrading is to be determined by the market.
Lu Ming: I should add a few words, just the things that foreign exchange reserves, most of the money in the hands of the government, there is a reason, but it is still the way to China's development and. the one hand, China's exports and more exports and more is not a problem but, if the same would not have so many imports foreign exchange reserves. Why do not import, because China is no demand, there is no more critical enterprise requirements of foreign advanced technology, as too cheap labor, supply and demand are the two reasons and the Chinese foreign exchange reserves continued to increase is related. just said that China's domestic demand is the lack of an opportunity to be justified. you see in Japan, many people put two years of economic decline and restructuring of the Japanese linked to the three products in Japan 60 years accounted for 50%. does exist That question, to adjust domestic demand, because there was appreciation of the yen, exports are also under attack.
He Fan: comparison of their static appearance, 180 million U.S. dollars can not. This is reflected in the original development model is unhealthy, so model development strategy that is your original question, how to adjust it? not allow enterprises to adjust their own, because companies want to adjust, but even before the government nod. I would like to develop the service industry, I do so to make money, Fudan University, I also engage in one, but I can not ah. I look at the hospital so to make money, make money, Union Hospital, so I put forward a harmony in the hospital next to you? not. ICBC bank so bad, but also to save money, the old lady to pick up a number, and then come back home to finish dinner, so that banks can make money, but I went to put forward a bank can? Or not. You say this is what entrepreneurs themselves, why do not I do what I want, traffic , China's railway per capita also a cigarette so long, I am not repair the railway line, if the government does not nod, how to adjust the business. Therefore, the Government still have to adjust, what to do first is to upgrade the manufacturing industry. I agree with Mr Xu said that the phenomenon, and I often went to Dongguan, you see, is very difficult for SMEs, but the number of competitive enterprises in the secret music, next to the competitors finally gone. where we are now very much like the 70s Japan, yen appreciation, rising oil prices, we recall, when Japan beat the United States, is the late 80s, early 90s. In the most difficult times, forcing the Japanese enterprises to improve their product quality, so he changed into a competitive business world, the Japanese can do, so the Chinese people must also be done. So this is one thing, we must forcing companies to compete in China really do R & D, do the brand, to blaze a way to survive, truly global competitiveness of Chinese enterprises will be occurred after the crisis. and then to open the gate, so that service development, so these companies can do it, making money, if not, you manufacturing industry it up. Why Guangdong developed, but only in the near Guangdong to Hong Kong, local development, and similarly, in the sea, Tamkang also the coast, Shantou is also the sea, and are the first coastal city, why not become developed, This and related infrastructure, railway construction, logistics and distribution have not kept up, including our financial not open, not to develop, SMEs can not be together. If education is not open, not open to health care, human capital will not increase, if We have no way for the future upgrading of the manufacturing industry and service sector provides a very rich talent pool, the bottleneck must be the future. In the past the bottleneck is the hardware, the bottleneck must be the future of human resources.
Zhang: I recently read an article said, a relatively fast economic development in countries, in fact, the worst policy, it must be the excessive use of the so-called good policies in the past, this argument can explain exactly like the current situation in China. Recall Zhu 93,94 served as vice premier, when China faces inflation at that time, he took office, iron fist, with a very strict policy to control inflation. to 97,98 years, when he made 98 Premier This policy, as always, .98 years experience in running the financial crisis, financial crisis, he said a few more interesting things, first he said we have to increase foreign exchange reserves, the second, he said, that is, to our stimulate domestic demand, implement a proactive fiscal policy. anyway, he said several several, several of these later became policy. now more interesting is, if counting from 97,98 years, the decade-China policy has not changed, maximization of foreign exchange reserves have not changed, interest rates have not changed, when he promised that China's RMB exchange rate remained stable, as the devaluation of Southeast Asia, not to devalue the RMB, this turned into policy. You remember ten years ago the policy, just mentioned 1.8 trillion foreign exchange reserves, which in fact contain such information. Ten years ago we used some of the policy, that policy at that time may be a last resort, but that policy has now been totally use, and Zhu Rongji in 2002 has been out since the political arena, but his policy is still there, so far, no real change from the policy point of view, this is a very bad thing. It is one thing just turn the conversation Ming Lu, and said to talk about long-term, medium and long term is the structure. In fact, we all know that developing countries in general are facing a structural problem, because there can not distort this development, we must first structure of a mistake, and then to have a relatively fast growth. But now, we need to determine from a theoretical point of view. just the two have talked about before, ...

After the renewal was crab

 Congratulations 20,102,009 Film Review (Review of the fourth quarter)
[wonderful trailers clip]
2009 entered the fourth quarter, the Chinese film market has entered a final push. As the most important annual schedule of Chinese film, Lunar New Year stalls along is made large tracts of contested. The 2009 Lunar New Year stalls and stalls of traditional Lunar New Year is different in 2009 Lunar New Year stalls was the first large direct import of Hollywood split Lunar New Year stalls in market competition. From November 2009 20, has been late to the February 2010 end of the Lunar New Year, nearly 100 days, is the longest ever Chinese New Year film market stalls. The corresponding, it is the remnants of 50 foreign films will be unprecedented in the disc in the tragic killing flesh and blood women struggled, fighting for more than 2 billion yuan at the box office.
(the title, October 15 Chinese and foreign films screened in the country, as a continuation of the National Day holiday period, hit the market this month, made the film still film-based, do not squeeze into the New Year only a small amount of the import file must attack to find pieces in the market space.
It can be said that a film is quite artistic. just a narrative for this very unique film, in the present of the Chinese film market, it appears likely to make many viewers feel a little overwhelmed and do not know how to judge. million yuan less than the final film at the box office, proving once again that it is the embarrassment of the Chinese film market.
film is based on Japanese writer Inoue Yasushi novel of the same name, about the Qin period, in Beyond the Great Wall Hong Qin general threat of our borders and ethnic war in defeat, face mortal destiny. in the way he led his army return after victory, channels a mysterious tribe, met a woman, the feelings between the two. In seven days they spend the After seven nights, the woman told the threat of health, if the alien men and seven nights with her husband, the two will become a wolf.
a mystic with a strong color story, and how it adapted into film, is indeed a very difficult things. director Tian took fifteen years to prepare, and finally the implementation of this story into images. to film the video, the film is a rare style of made films in recent years, but for this anti-narrative tradition The story for those who just experienced an unprecedented summer fiery and impetuous file mainland audience, I am afraid may not have enough patience and fun to look at a few years the cultivation and development, is finally beginning to show a huge market space .2009 file annual summer box office reached an unprecedented 16 billion, while total annual box office to 57 billion yuan. For a cinema in 2002 has just begun to implement system, the movie box office less than 10 billion yuan in the market, this growth rate is indeed minority groups, consumer behavior, and did not become a mass consumption. to the box office in 2009 over 400 million three film Basically, the film reflects the Mainland consumer groups to the national average if the base fare 30 yuan to assess, this translated into huge box-office figures with audiences was only less than 15 million people. compared to our total market is concerned, Basically, the film can be regarded as the domestic mobilization of 1,500 million viewers, it can not prove that watching movies is a mass consumption.
as a consumption of specific groups in specific markets, such as in fact very difficult in such a relatively small market in the common sense to get the box office success. but just file is 1.6 billion this summer movie box office numbers up to stimulate the market, it is likely to be the box-office figures on the success or failure, which neglect or even misjudged the to the market on to the market, whatever the outcome, the Tian a real director in the film, the only challenge only from his own.
Titles may make many viewers think this is a rural theme eighties style feature film, but in fact it is a after the date of Guangzhou City, an underground how to prevent damage to Taiwan's KMT will soon fled the city of Guangzhou conspiracy. As a 60th anniversary commemoration of the liberation of the red Guangzhou, the main theme of the film, joined the main line and the director of personal emotional feelings of the talk, let the film become ambiguous story, many viewers have no idea what the final look is a kind of story.
this strange film title in which she took so much weight, a little cook the sauce served as the main course to the meaning. from the play structure, the fall of hi story of the film does not promote the key role; from the point of commercial marketing, the promotion of its film Only the negative effect of the film even before the issuer in accordance with the proposal called the film, but along with the fall of hi story of this man began to join the process, began to swing the whole story, story lines from time to time by the fall of hi story and the characters actually have no direct role in helping disrupt, distract the attention of the audience again and again to pay attention to this woman , and her overall role is to disturb the audience's understanding of the film.
film's story last hesitated, finally in the end, in order to address this additional trouble Autumn Joy, the story approach used to say a bit bizarre, completely this This can be done wonderful tension suspense, action genre has become the last to drag an Sibu Xiang.
stubborn rock product.
For some viewers, this film can indeed make them laugh. even comes in different forms so that we can laugh, why not let everyone laugh radish? From this perspective, this film can be considered complete their mission. but, for some of the more serious of the audience, they may not understand the way the end of the last film not seen until the end, the audience may still feel that the film is so-so; wait for them after reading the ending, soon will feel that they see is an illusion before.
the end of a very rigid, fully based on a perfunctory manner in response to the review and the audience. It is not only unworthy sequel, and totally destroyed the film's overall structure and hierarchy, the original may also enhance the look of a film, into a state of mind and standards are complete collapse of the film.
as one in terms of narrative structure and visual style are in complete imitation of stone imitation of genre criticism is not worth one of the characteristics can be simulated, as long as the audience also like this style, as long as the market can accommodate this style, as long as the director would like to do this kind of style, imitating the form and success of the film style may well be a marketing strategy.
But now Pakistan was twisted, tangled, always in the most critical time there is a small voice out to imply the audience: Actually, I was a film about art.
entertaining but also has feelings, which is good. but the feelings and the cavity is not the same art. the performance of urban lower-class life, is a completely imaginary scene spectacle-type films, and shape the story lines and characters absolutely no contact. rundown tenements just a show to play the role of the King film spectacle, that among the tenements life and the old carrot, radishes and a character in the film of any life is irrelevant, and also the development of the story has nothing to do.
This kind of common problem shared by piece. contrast The story of a possible collusion between the current structure to life, finally resulting in the release version have now placed on a so-called the director very angry, so they simply lamb, the spectacle of a suspected black humor film, completely transformed into a similar put a story to the story was relatively ambiguous, completely down the cliff, in a seemingly warm fireworks, the audience was completely stupid to see they had to ask myself, is said to be a comedy, then I read that in front of 90 minutes in the end telling the story? there are so themselves pumping up his mouth?
in long last exposed the plot and arrested the bad guy and becomes the hero, but also to get a real cock jade, though thought it was fake, yet it as a love token to a loved one; act as the developer of the final villain Please kill the killer by his own; and 笨贼 after the suffered terribly, but also to be a bread baker kill. but in the As a comedy, this end of the story is completely fool and contempt in the audience. the strange and twisted bar end, so that the original film is not high IQ, came at the end of the sentiments on the steep Shiyou, completely turned into a tragedy .
To set the story structure and specific character made the appropriate adaptations, in order to meet the needs of the film narrative. from the current film version of innovative, to an already 50 years of history of the classic animated characters on the big screen again, back to life.
animated version of the past for those obsessed with the audience, if you just for nostalgia, then this movie might make you're a bit disappointed. film version of version of the same.
film version of deny the Japanese anime culture gene, but in the Hollywood creative pipeline be re-polished after the story has now become a mainstream culture in the world can access the popular story that the mission of a young talent, how to experience numerous adventures, rediscover themselves, to accept the inherent inescapable fate, and eventually grew into a hero.
, Japan and America as a step in the film, the film version of movies. Perhaps it is because of this consideration, this story will be transformed into the present model: to cater to the values of various cultural backgrounds, and find the basic things in common. so we can see the environment in which, the relationship between man and machine, a simple binary opposition of good and evil, humor, funny, family ethics, a variety of popular commercial films of organic combination of elements are up, finally unified under the theme of the growth in youth.
For those who look forward to satisfy the nostalgia of middle-aged audience, they may find this story too naive and simple; but for those young viewers, such a story, but they can reflect on the screen for the curious world of adults and anxiety. on the screen is full of wonderful world of fantasy, they are the last to see inside the reflection in the real world.
When A Boy found himself behind the robot, he faced a young growth of the eternal theme of the movie motif, that is the dilemma of self identity: Who am I? I come from? I want to go? course, as an effort to face the overwhelming majority of the audience groups, family animated film, This story is not the ultimate in this profound philosophical themes too entangled, it is no solution to this problem into a story driven, and will soon be a complex proposition in life quietly converted to a youth topic: children of a pure heart, how to face a hostile adult world and fraud?
as a family together to watch the cartoons, in this classic on the topic, a sense of traditional values, the answer, that is to believe in love, I believe the family, the courage to grow up and face their responsibilities.
, Michael. Jackson's sudden death in 2009, let him become a true myth. As a very rare record of the domestic type of movie,
film with subtitles trailers about 111 minutes long, the content is about 20 to Michael. Jackson concert music rehearsal and concert for pictures and some movie point of view, the film basically do not see any so-called body.
as a documentary, the film is mediocre, even bad; as a film, the film's technology is also very rough. But all because of Michael. Jackson, and is no longer important. all the focus of the film are concentrated in the generation of superstars Michael. Jackson, who, he is all the film.
for the fans, the film experience can restore the site could just Michael. Jackson, one-tenth of the concert . will never happen again, Michael. Jackson concert in London, with the way the film continues its legendary and possibly even perfect. because this concert will never happen again, so in the hearts of countless fans, It is the perfect incarnation.
Review November:
National Day holiday period just after the Lunar New Year stalls to early 2009 had begun. as a prelude to this year's Lunar New Year stalls, Hollywood special effects blockbuster number of domestic films have chosen to schedule after the shift, leaving imported this month rival Hollywood blockbuster split For those who read the Chinese-style costume for many years the audience, it is a movie without any surprises. All elements of costume that some of it has, and all the weaknesses in costume as it did not pull. Although with Zhao Wei, Chen Kun hold the line so that the star, but the film is difficult to cover up the mediocrity of the temperament.
known as a Chinese legend, in fact, swords home in glory of the story, and the battle fought between the years are impressionistic, only the years go. This story is really only with ; text like the mountains hi injustice not directed at the star to the audience, but even the most basic consumer expectations are difficult to meet if the story tells the audience that they are better than the director and screenwriter wise, the audience will trust the story fall apart, then this movie will be able to impress the audience base does not exist. finally, the long boring story so the audience feels when watching movies as long as the epic. and this is probably the film and the theoretical knowledge with the general audience the play, they will be in the process of viewing instinctively find some story and the characters are twisted bar setting because, although not every audience is writers, but each will have a live audience common sense, so the lack of logic and rationality, some of film scenes, dialogue could lead to some of the audience laugh, and this unexpected delight from the audience spontaneously to a large extent the intellectual superiority .
story is the metaphor of life, even if the story on the screen away from our daily life, but the composition details of these stories are hidden in our daily life. on the screen telling a good story is the need of creativity, director and screenwriter, as a storyteller, he must use the audience in unexpected ways to organize the material in order to meet the growing wealth of the audience experience the story. But obviously the film did not do a story on the basic bottom line.
in , rather than people out of their hair growth. So the film had a lot of dialogue scenes appear, their only function is to explain people's emotional state. and this should have let the audience through different events to their own discovery and experience, and thus have empathy for the hero to follow the rhythm of the story and has been concerned about the final.
information such dialogue and even less to the story can not promote, directly led by the film's story has been a strange kind of narrative rhythm in progress, the pace of unsteadiness is not only the audience around the halo around the halo of the director, so that had to frequent use of hidden black, flash and white thinking of ways to force the audience to interrupt the stitching story. < br> But for a commercial film, the story is not guilty of mediocrity. We saw each film in the cinema, be called a level of cultural consumption goods, will fade after a few weeks showing the audience perspective. For this story of a mediocre movie, production standards is very important, after all, for many viewers, the story is more visual experience than the standard number of minor . This is what a lot of summer popcorn movies to win the key file, since the story can not be innovative, then the audio-visual elements to satisfy the audience.
and the film's overall production standards it is not a compliment. Mulan, to 80 million box office film about the final end, away from the film side earlier falls far short of the projected 200 million at the box office. But with the schedule compared to other domestic movie, the context of the unprecedented popular, even if, as reached to the Chinese Lunar New Year movie file should have sounded the alarm, if the Chinese film do not quickly improve their creative standards, and production standards, and even the traditional Lunar New Year stalls this final positions are likely to fall under the Hollywood's global offensive.
proved that the inertia of the film in the current film market failure.
is the story of the film followed by something like Beyond that, endless. Any serious attempt to film audiences will find themselves struck last space, in addition to the old twisted his waist, but nothing else left.
Nine United States, Although the route to go full copy of the After the final results of the second half of next year be known after the tide of retreat, and who can see that wearing swimming trunks.
this continuous access to the box office may not be successful, in fact, the mainland film market is a microcosm of chaotic disorder. This type of Movies are a dial-up wave appeared, the audience does not mean that China will certainly like to see this type of film, but because the market did not even give the opportunity to choose what young audiences. also allows everyone to eat a satisfaction.
fact, this movie's false strong, just because the audience in the cinema really is optional. If there is a real young audiences to adapt to the type of film culture, consumer preferences appear We may not have to squeeze in the not self-confidence. They only dare to imitate has been verified as successful film, but not think about that in the end market factors behind the success of what it means.
this year, more than 400 domestic production of films, of which only non- 200 theaters to be able to release, but the audience can really meet and may even have the impression that not all 100. But even in this 100, the real reaction to the entertainment needs of young film audiences, in fact, very small number. as a market trend, and now the film market has clearly begun to be young audience dominated by consumption, but in the cinema release of the movie, is there any one in the story, type, and the modus operandi is the real face of the audience groups of young ?
tragic killing in 2009 Lunar New Year stalls, 50 remnants of the film screened, in addition to attempting to clean sweep the kind of young and old take-all passing through the box office bombs were let off large, the real main types of markets, almost all the kind of Po showy but do not know why the film, the result of young audiences in the cinema as the only option.
surging tide of people standing in the cinema, if you looked around, line up the audience that all the basic young people, their warm and cheerful, lively, full of hope for the future. With these audiences, we have no pessimistic, their strong spending power and their own unique perspective of cultural consumption, sooner or later will realize that the capital, the era of Chinese film has changed.
the overall quality and reputation as a passable movie still in the Video cannon fodder.
film was originally called My brother Tang Dynasty own contribution. only because of release, schedule, publicity, and many other factors, the claims of more than 1000 million yuan investment in the film, and finally get the box office it is only used to describe painful.

a line in the film appropriately evaluated the film: divorced from reality, fabrications.
This is basically an increasingly closer to comic drama and a small theater a mix of TV sitcom, though based on a very red on the network novel, but the only way to impress the audience the details of that hard-line stance that attitude into the advertising firm.
In addition, the film can only be to describe. on such a boring film, but also no need to waste everyone's time.
a movie. but it was mentioned that the reason why is because it is present as a typical representative of Chinese film.
if from a film director and screenwriter Alfred resume point of view, we can not believe such a story actually is he wants out. Although the overall standard of Hong Kong cinema has been completely transformed, but a director with such qualifications, actually tinker with a such a bad film, it is people of Hong Kong film has had a brilliant marvel. < br> This can be said to be the story of fantasy, in the middle is some embellishment Pa from the Internet as a joke down the old scripts, the story logic of chaos and lack of knowledge of life, so that this so-called pure love story into a Forget the past for Gounan Nv's.
impress the general audience to tell a love story so difficult? wonderful films as the year contender, the ordinary people in real life, everything seems to happen in a glass box, although seemingly very fine, but in fact everything in plainly there is every reason to tell the audience, this is the flicker you, but also A little to the people you casually 忽悠. For the audience, this is simply a double insult, not only insults the intelligence of the audience, but also an insult to the audience's personality.
also mention here that the film is that children The film writer and director to see these words can be profoundly aware that the Earth is very dangerous, and quickly go back to Mars.
is When to see the type of still shocked.
genre as a calamity, But when the audience saw on the big screen, the feeling is extraordinary. California sink into the sea, the USS John F. Kennedy crashed into the White House, Yellowstone Huoshan outbreak of water swept over the Himalayas and several other scenes, artistic imagination and indeed visual effects of the classic combination of lens technology. As the audience to go to the mainland in January 2010 to see the special effects blockbuster the.
but if a disaster film than just the visual effects is very good, then it was soon tired of the audience. After all, sensory stimuli in any movies that are just spices, even in the disaster film genre , the main course had to be feeling between people. The film director Roland. Emmerich wisely did not make the last one he had screened the film in the mainland, director of the ...